Water Quality Research Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Sep;113(3):477-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05335.x. Epub 2012 May 29.
The present study was conducted to review factors affecting the prevalence and concentration of Giardia in raw wastewater. The removal and inactivation efficiency of Giardia by wastewater treatment technologies was also reviewed. Data published for the prevalence of Giardia in wastewater and the removal by wastewater treatment plants was reviewed. Giardia cysts are highly prevalent in wastewater in various parts of the world, which may reflect the infection rate in the population. In 23 of 30 (76.6%) studies, all of the tested raw wastewater samples were positive for Giardia cysts at concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 100 000 cysts l(-1). The concentration of Giardia in raw wastewater was not affected by the geographical region or the socio-economic status of the community. Discharge of raw wastewater or the application of raw wastewater for irrigation may result in Giardia transmission. Activated sludge treatment resulted in a one to two orders of magnitude reduction in Giardia, whereas a stabilization pond with a high retention time removed up to 100% of the cysts from wastewater. High-rate sand filtration, ultrafiltration and UV disinfection were reported as the most efficient wastewater treatment methods for removal and disinfection of Giardia cysts. Wastewater treatment may not totally prevent the environmental transmission of Giardia cysts. The reviewed data show that a combination of wastewater treatment methods may results in efficient removal of Giardia cysts and prevent their environmental transmission.
本研究旨在综述影响原污水中贾第鞭毛虫流行率和浓度的因素，以及各种污水处理技术对其去除和灭活的效果。我们对污水中贾第鞭毛虫流行率以及污水处理厂去除效果的数据进行了综述。贾第鞭毛虫包囊在世界不同地区的污水中普遍存在，这可能反映了人群中的感染率。在 30 项研究中的 23 项（76.6%）中，所有检测的原污水样本均呈贾第鞭毛虫包囊阳性，浓度范围为 0.23 至 100000 个包囊/L。原污水中贾第鞭毛虫的浓度不受地理位置或社区社会经济地位的影响。原污水排放或用于灌溉，可能导致贾第鞭毛虫传播。活性污泥处理可使贾第鞭毛虫降低 1 至 2 个数量级，而停留时间较长的稳定塘可去除污水中高达 100%的包囊。高流速砂滤、超滤和紫外线消毒被报道为去除和灭活贾第鞭毛虫包囊最有效的污水处理方法。污水处理可能无法完全阻止环境中贾第鞭毛虫包囊的传播。综述数据表明，多种污水处理方法的结合可能会有效去除贾第鞭毛虫包囊，并防止其在环境中的传播。
