Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4055 Tudor Centre Dr, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Epidemiol Infect. 2018 May;146(7):888-894. doi: 10.1017/S095026881800078X. Epub 2018 Apr 10.
Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common intestinal protozoa that can cause diarrhoeal disease. Although cases of infection with Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been reported in Alaska, the seroprevalence and correlates of exposure to these parasites have not been characterised. We conducted a seroprevalence survey among 887 residents of Alaska, including sport hunters, wildlife biologists, subsistence bird hunters and their families and non-exposed persons. We tested serum using a multiplex bead assay to evaluate antibodies to the Giardia duodenalis variant-specific surface protein conserved structural regions and to the Cryptosporidium parvum 17- and 27-kDa antigens. Approximately one third of participants in each group had evidence of exposure to Cryptosporidium. Prevalence of Giardia antibody was highest among subsistence hunters and their families (30%), among whom positivity was associated with lack of community access to in-home running water (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.28) or collecting rain, ice, or snow to use as drinking water (aPR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18). Improving in-home water access for entire communities could decrease the risk of exposure to Giardia.
蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫是常见的肠道原生动物，可引起腹泻病。尽管阿拉斯加已报告有感染蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫的病例，但这些寄生虫的血清流行率及其暴露的相关因素尚未得到明确。我们对包括运动猎人和野生动物生物学家在内的 887 名阿拉斯加居民进行了血清流行率调查，以及他们的家人和非暴露人群。我们使用多重珠粒检测法来检测血清，以评估针对蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫变异特异性表面蛋白保守结构域和隐孢子虫 17 kDa 和 27 kDa 抗原的抗体。每组约三分之一的参与者有感染隐孢子虫的证据。在以狩猎和采集食物为生的猎人和他们的家人中，抗贾第鞭毛虫抗体的阳性率最高（30%），其中阳性与缺乏社区自来水接入家庭（调整后的流行率比[aPR]1.15，95%置信区间[CI]1.02-1.28）或收集雨水、冰或雪作为饮用水（aPR 1.09，95% CI 1.01-1.18）有关。改善整个社区的家庭用水接入可以降低感染贾第鞭毛虫的风险。
