The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012 May 8;10(6):417-30. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2790.
Many species of fungi and oomycetes are plant pathogens of great economic importance. Over the past 7 years, the genomes of more than 30 of these filamentous plant pathogens have been sequenced, revealing remarkable diversity in genome size and architecture. Whereas the genomes of many parasites and bacterial symbionts have been reduced over time, the genomes of several lineages of filamentous plant pathogens have been shaped by repeat-driven expansions. In these lineages, the genes encoding proteins involved in host interactions are frequently polymorphic and reside within repeat-rich regions of the genome. Here, we review the properties of these adaptable genome regions and the mechanisms underlying their plasticity, and we illustrate cases in which genome plasticity has contributed to the emergence of new virulence traits. We also discuss how genome expansions may have had an impact on the co-evolutionary conflict between these filamentous plant pathogens and their hosts.
许多真菌和卵菌物种是具有重要经济意义的植物病原体。在过去的 7 年中，已经对 30 多种丝状植物病原体的基因组进行了测序，揭示了基因组大小和结构的显著多样性。尽管许多寄生虫和细菌共生体的基因组随着时间的推移而减少，但一些丝状植物病原体的基因组已经被重复驱动的扩张所塑造。在这些谱系中，编码与宿主相互作用相关蛋白的基因经常是多态的，并且位于基因组中富含重复序列的区域内。在这里，我们回顾了这些适应性基因组区域的特性以及它们可塑性的机制，并举例说明了基因组可塑性如何有助于新的毒力性状的出现。我们还讨论了基因组扩张如何影响这些丝状植物病原体与其宿主之间的共同进化冲突。
