Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Int. 2012 Sep 15;45:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 May 5.
Previous studies have reported maternal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), as well as DNA adducts reflecting total PAH exposure, to be associated with reduced fetal growth. The role of diet, the main source of PAH exposure among non-smokers, remains uncertain.
To assess associations between birth weight, length and small size for gestational age (SGA) with maternal intakes of the genotoxic PAH benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] during pregnancy, exploring potential effect modification by dietary intakes of vitamin C, vitamin E, alpha- and beta-carotene, as well as glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) polymorphisms, hypothesized to influence PAH metabolism.
657 women in the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Project from Sabadell (Barcelona) were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy. Dietary B(a)P and nutrient intakes were estimated from food consumption data. Genotyping was conducted for the Ile105Val variant of GSTP1. Multivariable models were used to assess associations between size at birth and dietary B(a)P, evaluating potential interactions with candidate nutrients and GSTP1 variants.
There were significant interactions between elevated intakes of vitamin C (above the mean of 189.41 mg/day) and dietary B(a)P during the first trimester of pregnancy in models for birth weight and length (P<0.05), but no interactions were found with other nutrients. B(a)P intakes were associated with significant reductions in birth weight and length (coefficient±SE for a 1-SD increase in B(a)P: -101.63±34.62 g and -0.38±0.16 cm, respectively) among women with low, but not high, vitamin C intakes. Elevated dietary B(a)P was also associated with increased risk of SGA births among women with low dietary vitamin C. Among these women, associations were strongest in those carrying the GSTP1 Val allele, associated with lower contaminant detoxification activity.
Results suggest that dietary B(a)P exposure may impair fetal growth, particularly in genetically susceptible populations, and that increasing maternal intakes of vitamin C may help to reduce any adverse effects.
先前的研究报告表明，母体暴露于空气中的多环芳烃（PAH）以及反映总 PAH 暴露的 DNA 加合物与胎儿生长受限有关。非吸烟者中 PAH 的主要来源——饮食，其作用仍不确定。
评估母体在怀孕期间摄入基因毒性 PAH 苯并[a]芘（B[a]P）与出生体重、身长和胎儿生长受限（SGA）之间的关系，同时探索维生素 C、维生素 E、α-和β-胡萝卜素以及谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 P1（GSTP1）多态性等饮食摄入对这些关联的潜在影响，这些因素被认为会影响 PAH 代谢。
INMA（环境与儿童）项目从巴塞罗那的萨瓦德尔（Sabadell）招募了 657 名孕妇，招募时间在妊娠的第一个三个月。通过食物消费数据来估计膳食 B[a]P 和营养素的摄入量。对 GSTP1 的 Ile105Val 变体进行基因分型。使用多变量模型来评估出生时大小与膳食 B[a]P 之间的关系，并评估候选营养素和 GSTP1 变体的潜在相互作用。
在妊娠前三个月，维生素 C 摄入量高于平均水平（189.41mg/天）与膳食 B[a]P 之间存在显著的相互作用，这在出生体重和身长的模型中均成立（P<0.05），但与其他营养素之间未发现有相互作用。B[a]P 摄入量与出生体重和身长的显著降低相关（维生素 C 摄入量低时，B[a]P 每增加 1-SD，出生体重和身长分别减少 101.63±34.62g 和 0.38±0.16cm），而在维生素 C 摄入量高时则无关联。高膳食 B[a]P 也与低维生素 C 饮食的女性 SGA 出生风险增加有关。在这些女性中，携带 GSTP1 Val 等位基因的女性关联最强，其与较低的污染物解毒活性有关。
结果表明，膳食 B[a]P 暴露可能会损害胎儿生长，尤其是在遗传易感人群中，增加母体维生素 C 的摄入量可能有助于减少任何不良影响。
