Forestry and Forest Economics Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, POBox 4314, Iran.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Feb;185(2):1767-76. doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2666-1. Epub 2012 May 8.
Changes in forest landscapes resulting from road construction have increased remarkably in the last few years. On the other hand, the sustainable management of forest resources can only be achieved through a well-organized road network. In order to minimize the environmental impacts of forest roads, forest road managers must design the road network efficiently and environmentally as well. Efficient planning methodologies can assist forest road managers in considering the technical, economic, and environmental factors that affect forest road planning. This paper describes a three-stage methodology using the Delphi method for selecting the important criteria, the Analytic Hierarchy Process for obtaining the relative importance of the criteria, and finally, a spatial multi-criteria evaluation in a geographic information system (GIS) environment for identifying the lowest-impact road network alternative. Results of the Delphi method revealed that ground slope, lithology, distance from stream network, distance from faults, landslide susceptibility, erosion susceptibility, geology, and soil texture are the most important criteria for forest road planning in the study area. The suitability map for road planning was then obtained by combining the fuzzy map layers of these criteria with respect to their weights. Nine road network alternatives were designed using PEGGER, an ArcView GIS extension, and finally, their values were extracted from the suitability map. Results showed that the methodology was useful for identifying road that met environmental and cost considerations. Based on this work, we suggest future work in forest road planning using multi-criteria evaluation and decision making be considered in other regions and that the road planning criteria identified in this study may be useful.
近年来，由于道路建设导致的森林景观变化显著增加。另一方面，只有通过组织良好的道路网络才能实现森林资源的可持续管理。为了将森林道路的环境影响降到最低，森林道路管理者必须高效且环保地设计道路网络。有效的规划方法可以帮助森林道路管理者考虑影响森林道路规划的技术、经济和环境因素。本文描述了一种使用德尔菲法选择重要标准、层次分析法获得标准相对重要性、最后在地理信息系统（GIS）环境中进行空间多标准评估来确定最低影响道路网络方案的三阶段方法。德尔菲法的结果表明，地面坡度、岩性、距溪流网络的距离、距断层的距离、滑坡敏感性、侵蚀敏感性、地质和土壤质地是研究区域森林道路规划最重要的标准。然后，通过结合这些标准的模糊地图层及其权重，获得了道路规划的适宜性图。使用 ArcView GIS 扩展程序 PEGGER 设计了 9 种道路网络方案，最后从适宜性图中提取了它们的值。结果表明，该方法可用于识别符合环境和成本考虑的道路。基于这项工作，我们建议在其他地区考虑使用多标准评估和决策进行森林道路规划，并认为本研究确定的道路规划标准可能会有所帮助。
