Physiologie & Médecine, Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Montpellier, France.
Nutrition. 2012 Jul;28(7-8):715-21. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.001. Epub 2012 May 8.
Overfeeding, an increased intake of saturated fatty acids, and sugary foods are key dietary changes that have occurred in recent decades in addition to the emergence of the obesity epidemic. In addition to an increase in energy storage as fat, these dietary changes are accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial macronutrient oxidation, leading to an excessive free radical production and, hence, oxidative stress. The latter has long been considered a central mechanism linking nutrient overload, insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. However, food, through fruit and vegetable consumption, also can be a great source of antioxidants that protect the body against oxidative damage and insulin resistance and thus help cope with the metabolic backlash of the energy-dense Westernized diet. Experimental data are in favor of the beneficial role conveyed by antioxidants in glucose metabolism, but clinical data in humans remain controversial. This review therefore aimed to sort out any underlying discrepancies and provide an overall clear view of the role of antioxidants in the ongoing fight against abnormal glucose metabolism.
除了肥胖症的出现之外，近几十年来，还发生了其他一些关键的饮食变化，包括过度喂养、饱和脂肪酸和含糖食物摄入量增加。除了能量储存为脂肪增加之外，这些饮食变化还伴随着线粒体大量营养素氧化的增加，导致自由基产生过多，从而产生氧化应激。长期以来，后者一直被认为是将营养超负荷、胰岛素抵抗、代谢综合征和糖尿病联系起来的核心机制。然而，食物也可以通过水果和蔬菜的摄入成为抗氧化剂的重要来源，这些抗氧化剂可以保护身体免受氧化损伤和胰岛素抵抗，从而有助于应对富含能量的西式饮食带来的新陈代谢反弹。实验数据支持抗氧化剂在葡萄糖代谢中发挥有益作用，但人类的临床数据仍存在争议。因此，本综述旨在梳理任何潜在的差异，并提供抗氧化剂在对抗异常葡萄糖代谢方面的作用的全面清晰视图。
