School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Sep;19(8):3525-37. doi: 10.1007/s11356-012-0914-0. Epub 2012 May 10.
Two emergent macrophytes, Arundo donax and Phragmites australis, were established in experimental horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF), gravel-based constructed wetlands (CWs) and challenged by treated dairy processing factory wastewater with a median electrical conductivity of 8.9 mS cm(-1). The hydraulic loading rate was tested at 3.75 cm day(-1). In general, the plants grew well during the 7-month study period, with no obvious signs of salt stress. The major water quality parameters monitored (biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS) and total nitrogen (TN) but not total phosphorus) were generally improved after the effluent had passed through the CWs. There was no significance different in removal efficiencies between the planted beds and unplanted gravel beds (p > 0.007), nor was there any significant difference in removal efficiencies between the A. donax and P. australis beds for most parameters. BOD, SS and TN removal in the A. donax and P. australis CWs was 69, 95 and 26 % and 62, 97 and 26 %, respectively. Bacterial removal was observed but only to levels that would allow reuse of the effluent for use on non-food crops under Victorian state regulations. As expected, the A. donax CWs produced considerably more biomass (37 ± 7.2 kg wet weight) than the P. australis CWs (11 ± 1.4 kg wet weight). This standing crop equates to approximately 179 and 68 tonnes ha(-1) year(-1) biomass (dry weight) for A. donax and P. australis, respectively (assuming a 250-day growing season and single-cut harvest). The performance similarity of the A. donax and P. australis planted CWs indicates that either may be used in HSSF wetlands treating dairy factory wastewater, although the planting of A. donax provides additional opportunities for secondary income streams through utilisation of the biomass produced.
两种新兴的挺水植物，芦竹和芦苇，被建立在实验性的水平潜流（HSSF）、砾石基人工湿地（CWs）中，并受到电导率中位数为 8.9 mS cm(-1)的处理乳制品加工厂废水的挑战。水力负荷率测试为 3.75 cm day(-1)。一般来说，在 7 个月的研究期间，植物生长良好，没有明显的盐胁迫迹象。监测的主要水质参数（生物需氧量（BOD）、悬浮固体（SS）和总氮（TN）但不是总磷）在废水通过 CWs 后通常会得到改善。在有植物床和无植物砾石床之间，去除效率没有显著差异（p > 0.007），对于大多数参数，芦竹床和芦苇床之间的去除效率也没有显著差异。芦竹和芦苇 CWs 中 BOD、SS 和 TN 的去除率分别为 69%、95%和 26%和 62%、97%和 26%。观察到了细菌的去除，但仅达到维多利亚州法规允许将废水再用于非食用作物的水平。正如预期的那样，芦竹 CWs 产生的生物量（37±7.2 kg 湿重）明显多于芦苇 CWs（11±1.4 kg 湿重）。这个现存量相当于芦竹和芦苇的生物量（干重）分别为 179 和 68 吨公顷(-1)年(-1)（假设 250 天的生长季节和单茬收获）。芦竹和芦苇种植 CWs 的性能相似表明，在处理乳制品加工厂废水的 HSSF 湿地中，都可以使用它们，尽管种植芦竹为利用产生的生物质提供了额外的二次收入来源。
