Department of Biology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2012 Jul 1;177(3):338-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.04.014. Epub 2012 May 7.
This review re-evaluates the use of immunological probes to map enkephalinergic, dynorphinergic, and endorphinergic circuits in the CNS of lobe-finned fishes, ray-finned fishes, and cartilaginous fishes in light of the characterization of proenkephalin, prodynorphin, and POMC sequences from representatives of these groups of fish over the past 20 years. The use of α-MSH specific antisera is a reliable method for detecting POMC immunopositive cell bodies and fibers. Since α-MSH and β-endorphin are co-localized in the same neurons, these studies also reveal the distribution of endorphinergic networks. Met-enkephalin specific antisera can be used to detect enkephalinergic circuits in the CNS of gnathostomes because of the ubiquitous presence of this pentapeptide in the proenkephalin sequences of gnathostomes. However, the use of leu-enkephalin specific antisera to detect enkephalinergic networks is more problematic. While this immunological probe is appropriate for analyzing enkephalinergic networks in mammals and perhaps teleosts, for the lungfishes and cartilaginous fishes this probe is more likely able to detect dynorphinergic circuits. In this regard, there is a need to re-examine dynorphinergic networks in non-mammalian gnathostomes by using species specific antisera directed against dynorphin end-products.
这篇综述重新评估了免疫探针在中枢神经系统中的应用，以研究有颌类鱼（包括硬骨鱼和软骨鱼）中的内啡肽能、强啡肽能和 POMC 能回路。在过去的 20 年中，对这些鱼类代表的 proenkephalin、prodynorphin 和 POMC 序列的特征进行了描述。使用α-MSH 特异性抗血清是检测 POMC 免疫阳性细胞体和纤维的可靠方法。由于 α-MSH 和 β-内啡肽在同一神经元中共存，这些研究还揭示了内啡肽能网络的分布。由于在有颌类鱼的 proenkephalin 序列中普遍存在五肽，因此 met-enkephalin 特异性抗血清可用于检测中枢神经系统中的内啡肽能回路。然而，使用亮氨酸-脑啡肽特异性抗血清来检测内啡肽能网络则更为复杂。虽然这种免疫探针适用于分析哺乳动物和可能的硬骨鱼类中的内啡肽能网络，但对于肺鱼和软骨鱼类来说，这种探针更有可能检测到强啡肽能回路。在这方面，需要使用针对强啡肽终产物的物种特异性抗血清重新检查非哺乳动物有颌类鱼中的强啡肽能网络。
