Clinical Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34129, Italy.
Contact Dermatitis. 2012 Dec;67(6):359-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02100.x. Epub 2012 May 12.
Cosensitization to nickel, cobalt and chromium occurs in the general population and in some occupational groups.
To estimate the isolated and concurrent occurrence of nickel, cobalt and chromium contact sensitization and their association with individual and occupational risk factors.
PATIENTS/METHODS: Twelve thousand four hundred and ninety-two patients were patch tested with the European baseline series between 1997 and 2004 in north-eastern Italy. The associations between patch test results and patient characteristics and occupations were investigated by means of multinomial logistic regression analysis.
Of the patients, 34.7% (4334 patients) had one or more positive patch test reactions to metals. As compared with those with negative reactions to all three metals, nickel sensitization was significantly higher in females than in males, not only as monosensitization, but also as cosensitization with cobalt, with chromium, or with both metals. Building and related trades workers showed positive reactions to chromium + nickel [odds ratio (OR) 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-3.76) and chromium + cobalt (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.46-4.67]. Cleaning workers showed a high prevalence of nickel, chromium, nickel + chromium and nickel + cobalt + chromium cosensitization (ORs 1.29, 1.66, 2.11, and 1.79, respectively). An excess risk for cosensitization to all three metals was found in textile and leather workers (OR 2.19; 95% CI 1.10-4.33), and in bartenders (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.03-4.26).
Some occupational groups are more likely to develop nickel, cobalt and chromium cosensitization.
镍、钴和铬的接触过敏在普通人群和某些职业群体中都会发生。
评估镍、钴和铬的单独和同时接触过敏的发生情况，以及它们与个体和职业危险因素的关系。
患者/方法：1997 年至 2004 年间，意大利东北部的 12492 名患者接受了欧洲基本系列斑贴试验。通过多项逻辑回归分析，研究了斑贴试验结果与患者特征和职业之间的关系。
在这些患者中，34.7%（4334 名患者）对一种或多种金属的斑贴试验有阳性反应。与对三种金属均无反应的患者相比，女性对镍的敏感性明显高于男性，不仅是单一敏感，而且还与钴、铬或两者同时敏感。建筑及相关行业工人对铬+镍（比值比 [OR] 1.99；95%置信区间 [CI] 1.05-3.76）和铬+钴（OR 2.61；95% CI 1.46-4.67）表现出阳性反应。清洁工人表现出镍、铬、镍+铬和镍+钴+铬同时过敏的高患病率（比值比分别为 1.29、1.66、2.11 和 1.79）。纺织和皮革工人（OR 2.19；95% CI 1.10-4.33）以及调酒师（OR 2.10；95% CI 1.03-4.26）对所有三种金属同时过敏的风险增加。
一些职业群体更容易发生镍、钴和铬的同时过敏。
