Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127 Milan, Italy.
Psychiatry Res. 2012 Dec 30;200(2-3):108-14. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.04.005. Epub 2012 May 10.
Previous studies documented a bias against disconfirmatory evidence (BADE) in patients affected by schizophrenia spectrum disorders, with some discrepant findings on its relationship with delusions. In order to further investigate the patterns of evidence integration in schizophrenia and delusion, we recruited 40 deluded and non-deluded patients with schizophrenia and 40 healthy control subjects. Participants were administered the BADE test, which consisted of 30 delusion-neutral scenarios, each one progressively described by three subsequent disambiguating statements and providing four types of interpretation to rate for plausibility; at every additional evidence presentation, participants were asked to adjust their ratings. In contrast to previous works, patients displayed both a BADE and a bias against confirmatory evidence (BACE) relative to healthy subjects, as they reduced plausibility ratings on incorrect interpretations and increased plausibility ratings on correct interpretation significantly less over trial progress. Moreover, BACE and BADE measures showed to discriminate differentially control from schizophrenia participants and delusional from non-delusional patients.
先前的研究记录了精神分裂症谱系障碍患者对否定证据的偏见（BADE），并且对其与妄想之间的关系存在一些不一致的发现。为了进一步研究精神分裂症和妄想中的证据整合模式，我们招募了 40 名患有精神分裂症的妄想症患者和 40 名健康对照组。参与者接受了 BADE 测试，该测试由 30 个妄想中立的场景组成，每个场景都由随后的三个澄清语句逐步描述，并提供四种解释类型来评估可能性；在每次提供额外的证据时，参与者都被要求调整他们的评分。与以前的工作不同，患者相对于健康受试者表现出了 BADE 和对确认性证据的偏见（BACE），因为他们在错误解释上降低了可能性评分，而在正确解释上的可能性评分增加明显较少。此外，BACE 和 BADE 测量值可区分对照组和精神分裂症组，以及妄想组和非妄想组。
