Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2012 Jun 30;221-222:275-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.045. Epub 2012 Apr 25.
The effect of endosulfan (0.02-2.0μgmL(-1)) to Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R(+)) at the cellular and organismal levels was examined. Third instar larvae of D. melanogaster and the strains transgenic for hsp70, hsp83 and hsp26 were exposed to endosulfan through food for 12-48h to examine the heat shock proteins (hsps), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, anti-oxidant stress markers and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. We observed a concentration- and time-dependent significant induction of only small hsps (hsp23>hsp22) in the exposed organism in concurrence with a significant induction of ROS generation, oxidative stress and xenobiotic metabolism markers. Sub-organismal response was to be propagated towards organismal response, i.e., delay in the emergence of flies and decreased locomotor behaviour. Organisms with diminished locomotion also exhibited significantly lowered acetylcholinesterase activity. A significant positive correlation observed among ROS generation and different cellular endpoints (small hsps, oxidative stress markers, cytochrome P450 activities) in the exposed organism indicate a modulatory role of ROS in endosulfan-mediated cellular toxicity. The study thus suggests that the adverse effects of endosulfan in exposed Drosophila are manifested both at cellular and organismal levels and recommends Drosophila as an alternative animal model for screening the risk caused by environmental chemicals.
研究了硫丹（0.02-2.0μgmL(-1)) 在细胞和机体水平对黑腹果蝇（Oregon R(+)) 的影响。通过食物将第三龄幼虫和 hsp70、hsp83 和 hsp26 转基因品系的黑腹果蝇暴露于硫丹中 12-48 小时，以检查热休克蛋白（hsps）、活性氧（ROS）生成、抗氧化应激标志物和外来生物代谢酶。我们观察到仅小 hsps（hsp23>hsp22）在暴露于机体中的机体中呈现浓度和时间依赖性显著诱导，同时伴随着 ROS 生成、氧化应激和外来生物代谢标志物的显著诱导。亚机体反应会传播到机体反应，即延迟苍蝇的出现和降低运动行为。运动能力降低的生物也表现出明显降低的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。暴露于机体中的 ROS 生成与不同细胞终点（小 hsps、氧化应激标志物、细胞色素 P450 活性）之间观察到显著正相关，表明 ROS 在硫丹介导的细胞毒性中具有调节作用。因此，研究表明，暴露于硫丹的果蝇在细胞和机体水平上都表现出不良反应，并推荐果蝇作为筛选环境化学品引起的风险的替代动物模型。
