Klein H, Pittman D J
Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
Int J Addict. 1990 May;25(5):471-93. doi: 10.3109/10826089009053171.
Based on a national probability sample of 2,401 Americans aged 21 and over (1,069 of whom were deemed "drinkers" on the basis of having drunk at least one alcoholic beverage in the past 7 days), this study examines which of six specific problems people associate with the use of beer, distilled spirits, wine, and wine coolers. It was found that people are most likely to associate alcoholism, birth defects, drunk driving, and fighting and rowdy behavior equally with these four types of alcohol. But when beverage associations are made, distilled spirits and beer are blamed most frequently for these problems, whereas wine and wine coolers are virtually never thought of as being closely related to any of the problems under study. It was also determined that nearly 1 out of every 7 drinkers surveyed stated that birth defects are unrelated to alcohol use of any kind.
基于对2401名21岁及以上美国人的全国概率抽样（其中1069人在过去7天内至少饮用过一种酒精饮料，被视为“饮酒者”），本研究调查了人们将六种特定问题与啤酒、蒸馏酒、葡萄酒和果味葡萄酒中的哪一种联系在一起。研究发现，人们最有可能将酗酒、出生缺陷、酒后驾车以及打架和吵闹行为与这四种酒精饮料同等联系起来。但是，当涉及到饮料关联时，蒸馏酒和啤酒因这些问题而受到的指责最为频繁，而葡萄酒和果味葡萄酒几乎从未被认为与所研究的任何问题密切相关。研究还确定，在接受调查的每7名饮酒者中，近1人表示出生缺陷与任何类型的酒精使用无关。
