《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）与第五版（DSM-5）对自闭症幼儿的诊断标准
DSM-IV vs DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for toddlers with autism.
作者信息
Matson Johnny L, Kozlowski Alison M, Hattier Megan A, Horovitz Max, Sipes Megan
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
出版信息
Dev Neurorehabil. 2012;15(3):185-90. doi: 10.3109/17518423.2012.672341.
PURPOSE
To evaluate prevalence rates of autism and autism symptomatology in toddlers using DSM-IV vs DSM-5 criteria.
METHOD
Two thousand seven hundred and twenty-one toddlers at risk for a developmental disability participated. DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria were applied and overall prevalence using each set of criteria was established. Groups were also compared on BISCUIT-Part 1 scores to determine if groups differed on autism symptomatology.
RESULTS
DSM-5 resulted in 47.79% fewer toddlers being diagnosed with ASD compared to those on the DSM-IV. Toddlers diagnosed according to DSM-5 exhibited greater levels of autism symptomatology than those diagnosed with DSM-IV, but the latter group still exhibited significant levels of autism symptomatology.
CONCLUSION
The proposed DSM-5 will result in far fewer persons being diagnosed with ASD. These results replicate findings from two previous studies, with older children/adolescents and adults. As a result of these new criteria, far fewer people will qualify for needed autism services.
目的
使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）和第五版（DSM-5）标准评估幼儿自闭症及自闭症症状的患病率。
方法
2721名有发育障碍风险的幼儿参与研究。应用DSM-IV和DSM-5标准，并确定每组标准下的总体患病率。还比较了两组在《婴幼儿自闭症筛查量表第一部分》（BISCUIT-Part 1）上的得分，以确定两组在自闭症症状方面是否存在差异。
结果
与使用DSM-IV标准相比，使用DSM-5标准诊断为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的幼儿减少了47.79%。根据DSM-5诊断的幼儿比根据DSM-IV诊断的幼儿表现出更高水平的自闭症症状，但后一组仍表现出显著水平的自闭症症状。
结论
拟议中的DSM-5将导致被诊断为ASD的人数大幅减少。这些结果重复了之前两项针对大龄儿童/青少年和成年人的研究结果。由于这些新标准，符合条件获得所需自闭症服务的人数将大幅减少。
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