Bikbova Guzel, Oshitari Toshiyuki, Tawada Ayako, Yamamoto Shuichi
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2012 Jul 1;8(4):294-302. doi: 10.2174/157339912800840479.
Diabetes mellitus is a major disease worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes has risen significantly in the past several decades. Although one of the major complications of diabetic eyes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), corneal diseases can not only develop in diabetic patients but are also difficult to manage. Diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy is a component of diabetic polyneuropathy and is recognized to be the cause of the morbidity of the cornea in diabetic patients. In addition, corneal endothelial cell damage can cause disturbances in the management of proliferative DR before and after surgeries because of endothelial decompensation with bullous keratopathy. However, there have been only a limited number of studies that have focused on the importance of corneal diseases in diabetic patients. This review describes the pathophysiological roles of different factors that have been found to be causative factors of diabetic corneal keratopathy and endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic patients. In addition, the clinical features of the corneal changes in diabetic patients and recent studies related to the development of therapies for the management of corneal diseases are presented.
糖尿病是全球范围内的一种主要疾病，在过去几十年中糖尿病的患病率显著上升。尽管糖尿病眼部的主要并发症之一是糖尿病视网膜病变（DR），但角膜疾病不仅会在糖尿病患者中发生，而且难以治疗。糖尿病性神经营养性角膜病变是糖尿病多发性神经病变的一个组成部分，被认为是糖尿病患者角膜发病的原因。此外，由于角膜内皮失代偿伴大泡性角膜病变，角膜内皮细胞损伤会在手术前后导致增殖性DR治疗的紊乱。然而，仅有有限数量的研究关注糖尿病患者角膜疾病的重要性。本综述描述了已被发现是糖尿病角膜病变和糖尿病患者内皮细胞功能障碍病因的不同因素的病理生理作用。此外，还介绍了糖尿病患者角膜变化的临床特征以及与角膜疾病治疗发展相关的最新研究。
