Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bruderholz, Bruderholz, Basel, Switzerland.
J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Jun;35(6):1253-65. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23536.
Blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) MRI has gained particular attention in functional brain imaging studies, where it can be used to localize areas of brain activation with high temporal resolution. To a higher degree than in the brain, skeletal muscles show extensive but transient alterations of blood flow between resting and activation state. Thus, there has been interest in the application of the BOLD effect in studying the physiology of skeletal muscles (healthy and diseased) and its possible application to clinical practice. This review outlines the potential of skeletal muscle BOLD MRI as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of physiological and pathological alterations in the peripheral limb perfusion, such as in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Moreover, current knowledge is summarized regarding the complex mechanisms eliciting BOLD effect in skeletal muscle. We describe technical fundaments of the procedure that should be taken into account when performing skeletal muscle BOLD MRI, including the most often applied paradigms to provoke BOLD signal changes and key parameters of the resulting time courses. Possible confounding effects in muscle BOLD imaging studies, like age, muscle fiber type, training state, and drug effects are also reviewed in detail.
血氧水平依赖（BOLD）磁共振成像在功能脑成像研究中受到特别关注，可用于以高时间分辨率定位大脑激活区域。与大脑相比，骨骼肌在休息和激活状态之间显示出广泛但短暂的血流变化。因此，人们对将 BOLD 效应应用于研究骨骼肌（健康和患病）的生理学及其在临床实践中的可能应用产生了兴趣。这篇综述概述了骨骼肌 BOLD MRI 作为评估周围肢体灌注生理和病理变化的诊断工具的潜力，例如在外周动脉闭塞性疾病中。此外，还总结了目前关于在骨骼肌中引起 BOLD 效应的复杂机制的知识。我们描述了在进行骨骼肌 BOLD MRI 时应考虑的该程序的技术基础，包括最常应用的引发 BOLD 信号变化的范式和所得时程的关键参数。还详细回顾了骨骼肌 BOLD 成像研究中的可能混杂效应，如年龄、肌纤维类型、训练状态和药物作用。
