Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Applied Biotechnology Group, Biomedical Science School, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 27;12(12):3644. doi: 10.3390/nu12123644.
With the aim to explore cultural differences in stress-related psychological, nutrition, physical activity, and oral health factors between Spanish and Latin American professors, we analysed stress-related factors in 598 professors (39.9% male, 60.1% female, 41.3 ± 9.8 years) by a collection of questionnaires, which involved psychological, nutritional, physical activity and oral health items. Results showed how Spanish professors presented significantly ( ≤ 0.05) higher scores than Latin American professors in perceived stress (Spanish: 21.40 ± 4.32 vs. Latin American: 20.36 ± 4.31), teaching stress (Spanish: 6.59 ± 2.28 vs. Latin American: 6.00 ± 2.99) and neuroticism (Spanish: 5.40 ± 2.10 vs. Latin American: 4.58 ± 1.72). Spanish professors also showed healthier nutritional and physical activity habits than their Latin American counterparts, presenting higher consumption of milk products and a higher numbers of meals per day, greater weekly meat and fish consumption and higher weekly resistance training, as well as less eating between hours and snacking consumption. Nevertheless, Spanish professors brushed their teeth less and showed a higher smoking habit than Latin American professors. We concluded that there were cultural differences between Spanish and Latin American professors. In the present research, Spanish professors showed significantly higher burnout levels, teaching stress, perceived stress, and neuroticism than Latin American professors, and several differences were also found around health behaviours. These differences in perceived stress, teaching stress and burnout syndrome may be due to the habituation process of Latin American professors, and probably are associated with a higher stressful and demanding socio-cultural context.
为了探索西班牙和拉丁美洲教授在与压力相关的心理、营养、身体活动和口腔健康因素方面的文化差异，我们分析了 598 名教授（39.9%为男性，60.1%为女性，年龄 41.3±9.8 岁）的与压力相关的因素，采用了一系列问卷，其中包括心理、营养、身体活动和口腔健康项目。结果表明，西班牙教授在感知压力（西班牙：21.40±4.32 与拉丁美洲：20.36±4.31）、教学压力（西班牙：6.59±2.28 与拉丁美洲：6.00±2.99）和神经质（西班牙：5.40±2.10 与拉丁美洲：4.58±1.72）方面的得分明显高于拉丁美洲教授（≤0.05）。西班牙教授还表现出更健康的营养和身体活动习惯，他们的乳制品摄入量更高，每天的用餐次数更多，每周的肉类和鱼类摄入量更大，每周的阻力训练次数更高，而且他们在两餐之间进食和吃零食的频率更低。然而，西班牙教授刷牙的次数更少，吸烟习惯比拉丁美洲教授更严重。我们得出结论，西班牙和拉丁美洲教授之间存在文化差异。在本研究中，西班牙教授的倦怠水平、教学压力、感知压力和神经质明显高于拉丁美洲教授，而且在健康行为方面也存在一些差异。这些感知压力、教学压力和倦怠综合征的差异可能是由于拉丁美洲教授的习惯化过程，而且可能与压力更大、要求更高的社会文化环境有关。
