Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA.
Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2012 Sep;9(3):223-30. doi: 10.1007/s11904-012-0121-0.
Health hazards due to smoking may undermine benefits of HIV treatment on morbidity and mortality. Over 40% of persons with HIV are current smokers. Health risks of smoking include increases in some HIV-associated infections, cardiovascular disease, some cancers, bacterial pneumonia and other lung disease, and overall mortality. Proven strategies for smoking cessation include various counseling approaches, nicotine replacement therapy and other pharmacotherapy; approaches may need to be individualized to address specific client needs and comorbidities. HIV clinicians and other service providers can have an influential role in screening their patients for smoking and promoting cessation programs to improve health.
吸烟对健康的危害可能会削弱 HIV 治疗对发病率和死亡率的益处。超过 40%的 HIV 感染者是当前吸烟者。吸烟的健康风险包括增加某些与 HIV 相关的感染、心血管疾病、某些癌症、细菌性肺炎和其他肺部疾病以及总体死亡率。已证实的戒烟策略包括各种咨询方法、尼古丁替代疗法和其他药物治疗；可能需要根据个人情况制定方法，以满足特定患者的需求和合并症。HIV 临床医生和其他服务提供者可以在筛查患者的吸烟情况和促进戒烟计划方面发挥重要作用，以改善健康。
