Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Horm Metab Res. 2012 Jun;44(7):550-4. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1312597. Epub 2012 May 22.
Previously, we have shown that maternal smoke exposure during lactation, even when pups are not exposed, affects biochemical profiles in the offspring at weaning, eliciting lower body adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, hypocorticosteronemia and lower adrenal catecholamine content. However, the future impact of tobacco exposure is still unknown. As postnatal nicotine exposure causes short- and long-term effects on pups' biochemistry and endocrine profiles, we have now evaluated some endocrine and metabolic parameters of the adult offspring whose mothers were tobacco exposed during lactation. For this, from day 3 to 21 of lactation, rat dams were divided in: 1) SE group, cigarette smoke-exposed (1.7 mg nicotine/cigarettes for 1 h, 4 times/day, daily), without their pups, and 2) C group, exposed to air, in the same conditions. Offspring were killed at 180-days-old. Body weight and food intake were evaluated. Blood, white adipose tissue, adrenal, and liver were collected. All significant data were p<0.05. The adult SE offspring showed no change in body weight, cumulative food intake, serum hormone profile, serum lipid profile, or triglycerides content in liver. However, in adrenal gland, adult SE offspring showed lower catecholamine content ( - 50%) and lower tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression ( - 56%). Despite the hormonal alterations during lactation, tobacco smoke exposure through breast milk only programmed the adrenal medullary function at adulthood and this dysfunction can have consequence on stress response. Thus, an environment free of smoke during lactation period is essential to improve health outcomes in adult offspring.
此前，我们已经表明，哺乳期母体吸烟暴露，即使幼仔未暴露，也会影响断奶后代的生化特征，导致较低的体脂含量、高胰岛素血症、低皮质酮血症和较低的肾上腺儿茶酚胺含量。然而，烟草暴露的未来影响仍不清楚。由于产后尼古丁暴露会对幼仔的生化和内分泌特征产生短期和长期影响，我们现在评估了哺乳期母亲吸烟暴露的成年后代的一些内分泌和代谢参数。为此，从哺乳期第 3 天到第 21 天，将大鼠母鼠分为：1）SE 组，香烟烟雾暴露组（1.7 毫克尼古丁/支香烟，1 小时/次，每天 4 次），不接触幼仔，2）C 组，空气暴露组，在相同条件下。幼仔在 180 天龄时被处死。测量体重和食物摄入量。采集血液、白色脂肪组织、肾上腺和肝脏。所有显著数据均为 p<0.05。成年 SE 后代的体重、累计食物摄入量、血清激素谱、血清脂质谱或肝脏甘油三酯含量均无变化。然而，在肾上腺中，成年 SE 后代的儿茶酚胺含量降低了（-50%），酪氨酸羟化酶蛋白表达降低了（-56%）。尽管哺乳期存在激素变化，但通过母乳暴露于烟草烟雾仅在成年期编程了肾上腺髓质功能，这种功能障碍可能会对应激反应产生影响。因此，哺乳期环境中没有烟雾是改善成年后代健康结果的关键。
