National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Addiction. 2012 Dec;107(12):2210-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
To investigate the prevalence of pathological internet use (PIU) and maladaptive internet use (MIU) among adolescents in 11 European countries in relation to demographic, social factors and internet accessibility.
Cross-sectional survey.
The 7th Framework European Union (EU) funded project, Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating interventions for risk behaviours among adolescents in Austria, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Romania, Slovenia and Spain, with Sweden serving as the coordinating centre.
A total of 11 956 adolescents (female/male: 6731/5225; mean age: 14.9 ± 0.89) recruited from randomly selected schools within the 11 study sites.
Internet users were classified by gender into three categories: adaptive, maladaptive and pathological, based on their score in the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction (YDQ).
The overall prevalence of PIU was 4.4%; it was higher among males than females (5.2% versus 3.8%) and differed between countries (χ(2) = 309.98; d.f. = 20; P < 0.001). PIU correlated significantly with mean hours online and male gender. The highest-ranked online activities were watching videos, frequenting chatrooms and social networking; significantly higher rates of playing single-user games were found in males and social networking in females. Living in metropolitan areas was associated with PIU. Students not living with a biological parent, low parental involvement and parental unemployment showed the highest relative risks of both MIU and PIU.
Across a range of countries in Europe, using the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction yields a prevalence of 'pathological internet use' of 4.4% among adolescents, but varies by country and gender; adolescents lacking emotional and psychological support are at highest risk.
调查 11 个欧洲国家青少年病理性互联网使用（PIU）和不良互联网使用（MIU）的流行情况，探讨其与人口统计学、社会因素和互联网可及性的关系。
横断面调查。
第 7 框架欧盟（EU）资助项目“拯救和增强欧洲年轻人的生活”（SEYLE）是一项随机对照试验（RCT），评估了奥地利、爱沙尼亚、法国、德国、匈牙利、爱尔兰、以色列、意大利、罗马尼亚、斯洛文尼亚和西班牙 11 个研究点青少年危险行为的干预措施，瑞典为协调中心。
共纳入来自 11 个研究点随机抽取的学校的 11956 名青少年（女性/男性：6731/5225；平均年龄：14.9±0.89 岁）。
根据青少年互联网成瘾诊断问卷（YDQ）的得分，将互联网使用者分为女性和男性两组：适应性、不良适应性和病理性。
PIU 的总患病率为 4.4%；男性高于女性（5.2%比 3.8%），且各国之间存在差异（χ²=309.98，自由度=20，P<0.001）。PIU 与平均上网时间和男性性别显著相关。排名最高的在线活动是观看视频、频繁访问聊天室和社交网络；玩单人游戏的比例在男性中较高，而在女性中社交网络的比例较高。居住在大都市区与 PIU 相关。与生物父母同住、父母参与度低和父母失业的学生，无论是 MIU 还是 PIU，其相对风险最高。
在欧洲多个国家，使用青少年互联网成瘾诊断问卷得出的青少年“病理性互联网使用”患病率为 4.4%，但因国家和性别而异；缺乏情感和心理支持的青少年风险最高。
