Laboratoire de Pharmacotechnie Industrielle, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 59006 Lille, France.
Med Mal Infect. 2012 Jun;42(6):247-55. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.04.007. Epub 2012 May 22.
Antibiotics are the most counterfeited medicines and account for 28% of global counterfeit medicines. Counterfeit antibiotics are estimated at 5% of the global antibiotic market. No area in the world seems to be spared from counterfeiting of antibiotics. However, these are rare in developed countries, whereas the strong demand for antibiotics in emerging countries creates a highly attractive market for counterfeiters. Thus, 78% of counterfeit antibiotics come from South-East Asia and their destination is mainly emerging countries (South-East Asia: 44%; sub-Saharan Africa: 30%; Europe, North America: 9%; others: 16%). Counterfeit antibiotics are antibiotics that have been commonly used for years (beta-lactams: 50%; quinolones: 12%; macrolides, lincosamides, and synergistins: 1%; cyclins: 7%; others: 20%). The main counterfeit formulations (77%) concern oral administration (tablets, syrup, capsules) whereas injected drugs account for only 17% of counterfeit formulations, and eye drops and ointments 6%. The kind of counterfeiting for antibiotics is similar to that of other drugs (no active ingredients: 43%; bad quality: 24%; insufficient quantity of active ingredients: 21%; wrong active ingredients: 7%; counterfeit packaging: 5%). Beyond the harmful effects for patients, counterfeit medicines favor the emergence of bacterial resistance with a worldwide impact. Great efforts have been made to fight global counterfeiting of medicines since 1985.
抗生素是最容易造假的药品，占全球假药的 28%。假抗生素估计占全球抗生素市场的 5%。世界上没有哪个地区似乎能幸免于抗生素造假。然而，在发达国家这种情况很少见，而新兴国家对抗生素的强劲需求为造假者创造了一个极具吸引力的市场。因此，78%的假冒抗生素来自东南亚，其目的地主要是新兴国家（东南亚：44%；撒哈拉以南非洲：30%；欧洲、北美：9%；其他地区：16%）。假冒抗生素是多年来常用的抗生素（β-内酰胺类：50%；喹诺酮类：12%；大环内酯类、林可酰胺类和链阳性菌素类：1%；环素类：7%；其他：20%）。主要的假冒制剂（77%）涉及口服（片剂、糖浆、胶囊），而注射药物仅占假冒制剂的 17%，滴眼剂和软膏占 6%。抗生素的造假方式与其他药物类似（无有效成分：43%；质量差：24%；有效成分含量不足：21%；有效成分错误：7%；假冒包装：5%）。除了对患者造成的有害影响外，假药还助长了细菌耐药性的出现，产生了全球性的影响。自 1985 年以来，人们为打击全球假药已做出了巨大努力。
