Titov V N
Klin Lab Diagn. 2012 Feb(2):32-42.
In the function of feeding as biologic function of trophology, occurs the interchange of biologic reactions of exotrophy (postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia) and periods of food absence (biologic reaction of endotrophy). The action of insulin is realized in the biologic reaction of exotrophy only. The phylogenetic late insulin manages the function of phylogenetic early mitochondrion in the biologic reaction of exotrophy. In the biologic reaction of exotrophy, the cells activatedly absorb glucose under effect of insulin through glucose carriers-4 and actively absorb fat acids in the form of nonpolar triglycerides in olein lipoproteins of very low density by force of receptor endocytosis. These mechanisms formed on late stages of phylogenesis in the becoming of biologic function of locomotion--the function of movement. In the biologic reaction of endotrophy the cells absorb passively glucose under effect of glycaemia in intercellular medium through glucose carriers and passively (on gradient of concentration) absorb the fat acids in polar form under passive diffusion through plasmatic membrane. These reactions are worked out on the early stages of phylogenesis in the becoming of biologic function of homeostasis. The syndrome of resistance to insulin is formed only in biologic reaction of exotrophy but the disorders can persist and during realization of biologic reaction of endotrophy. In the biologic reaction of exotrophy insulin "decides": a) glucose can be deposited only in a limited way and can be consumed (oxidized in mitochondrion) in the first instance: b) fat acids can be stored and kept to be used in biologic function of locomotion. In the biologic reaction of exotrophy insulin "endeavors" as fast and full as possible use glucose and preserve in vivo as much as possible of fat acids as a substratum for further realization of biologic function of locomotion. Insulin minimizes in cytosol the content of a) ketone bodies - metabolites of C4 butyric fat acid and b) short chained C6-C10 fat acids and C16 palmitic acid for which in mitochondrion exists specific carrier - carnitin-palmitoilacyltransferase and "forces" mitochondrion to oxidize glucose. The main biologic role of insulin is to provide the biologic function of locomotion with substratum of energy
在作为营养生理学生物学功能的进食过程中，发生了外营养（餐后高血糖和高血脂）的生物学反应与食物缺乏期（内营养生物学反应）之间的生物反应互换。胰岛素的作用仅在外营养生物学反应中得以实现。系统发育较晚的胰岛素在外营养生物学反应中调控系统发育较早的线粒体的功能。在外营养生物学反应中，细胞在胰岛素作用下通过葡萄糖转运蛋白4主动摄取葡萄糖，并通过受体介导的内吞作用以极低密度脂蛋白中甘油三酯的非极性形式主动摄取脂肪酸。这些机制形成于系统发育后期，在运动生物学功能——移动功能的形成过程中。在内营养生物学反应中，细胞通过细胞间介质中的血糖作用，通过葡萄糖转运蛋白被动摄取葡萄糖，并通过质膜被动扩散以极性形式被动摄取脂肪酸（基于浓度梯度）。这些反应在系统发育早期，在稳态生物学功能的形成过程中得以发展。胰岛素抵抗综合征仅在外营养生物学反应中形成，但这些紊乱情况可能持续存在，并在内营养生物学反应发生期间出现。在外营养生物学反应中，胰岛素“决定”：a）葡萄糖只能以有限的方式储存，首先会被消耗（在线粒体中氧化）；b）脂肪酸可以储存起来，用于运动生物学功能。在外营养生物学反应中，胰岛素“尽力”尽快充分利用葡萄糖，并在体内尽可能多地保留脂肪酸，作为进一步实现运动生物学功能的底物。胰岛素使细胞质中a）酮体——C4丁酸脂肪酸的代谢产物和b）短链C6 - C10脂肪酸以及C16棕榈酸的含量降至最低，线粒体中存在针对这些物质的特定载体——肉碱 - 棕榈酰转移酶，胰岛素“迫使”线粒体氧化葡萄糖。胰岛素的主要生物学作用是为运动生物学功能提供能量底物
