Division of Primary Care, Tower Building, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
Inj Prev. 2012 Jun;18(3):e3. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040394.
Childhood falls result in considerable morbidity, mortality and health service use. Despite this, little evidence exists on protective factors or effective falls prevention interventions in young children.
To estimate ORs for three types of medically attended fall injuries in young children in relation to safety equipment, safety behaviours and hazard reduction and explore differential effects by child and family factors and injury severity.
Three multicentre case-control studies in UK hospitals with validation of parental reported exposures using home observations. Cases are aged 0-4 years with a medically attended fall injury occurring at home, matched on age and sex with community controls. Children attending hospital for other types of injury will serve as unmatched hospital controls. Matched analyses will use conditional logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding variables. Unmatched analyses will use unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, deprivation and distance from hospital in addition to other confounders. Each study requires 496 cases and 1984 controls to detect an OR of 0.7, with 80% power, 5% significance level, a correlation between cases and controls of 0.1 and a range of exposure prevalences.
Falls on stairs, on one level and from furniture.
As the largest in the field to date, these case control studies will adjust for potential confounders, validate measures of exposure and investigate modifiable risk factors for specific falls injury mechanisms. Findings should enhance the evidence base for falls prevention for young children.
儿童跌倒会导致相当大的发病率、死亡率和卫生服务利用。尽管如此，关于保护因素或针对幼儿的有效跌倒预防干预措施的证据很少。
估计与安全设备、安全行为和减少危害相关的三种类型的幼儿医疗性跌倒伤害的比值比（OR），并探讨儿童和家庭因素以及伤害严重程度的差异影响。
在英国医院进行了三项多中心病例对照研究，使用家庭观察验证了父母报告的暴露情况。病例为 0-4 岁在家中发生医疗性跌倒受伤的儿童，与社区对照按年龄和性别匹配。因其他类型伤害而住院的儿童将作为不匹配的医院对照。匹配分析将使用条件逻辑回归来调整潜在的混杂变量。非匹配分析将使用非条件逻辑回归进行调整，除了其他混杂因素外，还调整了年龄、性别、贫困程度和与医院的距离。每个研究需要 496 例病例和 1984 例对照，以检测比值比为 0.7 的效果，具有 80%的功效、5%的显著性水平、病例和对照之间的相关性为 0.1 和一系列暴露的流行率。
楼梯上、同一平面上和从家具上跌倒。
作为迄今为止该领域最大的研究，这些病例对照研究将调整潜在的混杂因素，验证暴露的测量方法，并调查特定跌倒伤害机制的可改变风险因素。研究结果应增强针对幼儿跌倒预防的证据基础。
