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早起的鸟儿有虾吃:在野生鸟类种群中挑战同位素平衡和均一性的假设。

The early bird gets the shrimp: confronting assumptions of isotopic equilibrium and homogeneity in a wild bird population.

机构信息

Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217, USADivision of Birds, US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USAUS Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2012 Nov;81(6):1223-1232. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01998.x. Epub 2012 May 25.

Abstract
  1. Because stable isotope distributions in organic material vary systematically across energy gradients that exist in ecosystems, community and population structures, and in individual physiological systems, isotope values in animal tissues have helped address a broad range of questions in animal ecology. It follows that every tissue sample provides an isotopic profile that can be used to study dietary or movement histories of individual animals. Interpretations of these profiles depend on the assumption that metabolic pools are isotopically well mixed and in equilibrium with dietary resources prior to tissue synthesis, and they extend to the population level by assuming isotope profiles are identically distributed for animals using the same proximal dietary resource. As these assumptions are never fully met, studying structure in the variance of tissue isotope values from wild populations is informative. 2. We studied variation in δ(13) C, δ(15) N, δ(2) H and δ(18) O data for feathers from a population of eared grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) that migrate to Great Salt Lake each fall to moult feathers. During this time, they cannot fly and feed almost exclusively on superabundant brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). The ecological simplicity of this situation minimized the usual spatial and trophic complexities often present in natural studies of feather isotope values. 3. Ranges and variances of isotope values for the feathers were larger than those from previously published studies that report feather isotopic variance, but they were bimodally distributed in all isotope dimensions. Isotope values for proximal dietary resources and local surface water show that some of the feathers we assumed to have been grown locally must have been grown before birds reached isotopic equilibrium with local diet or immediately prior to arrival at Great Salt Lake. 4. Our study provides novel insights about resource use strategies in eared grebes during migration. More generally, it demonstrates the utility of studying variance structures and questioning assumptions implicit in the interpretation of stable isotope data from wild animals.
摘要
  1. 由于有机物质中的稳定同位素分布在生态系统、群落和种群结构以及个体生理系统中存在的能量梯度中系统地变化,因此动物组织中的同位素值有助于解决动物生态学中的广泛问题。因此,每个组织样本都提供了一个同位素谱,可以用来研究个体动物的饮食或运动历史。这些谱的解释取决于以下假设:代谢池在组织合成之前与饮食资源在同位素上充分混合并达到平衡,并且通过假设使用相同的近源饮食资源的动物的同位素谱分布相同,将其扩展到种群水平。由于这些假设从未完全满足,因此研究来自野生种群的组织同位素值方差中的结构是有益的。 2. 我们研究了每年秋天迁徙到大盐湖换羽的斑嘴鸭(Podiceps nigricollis)羽毛中 δ(13) C、δ(15) N、δ(2) H 和 δ(18) O 数据的变化。在此期间,它们不能飞行,几乎完全以丰富的卤虫(Artemia franciscana)为食。这种情况的生态简单性最大限度地减少了在自然研究中通常存在的羽毛同位素值的空间和营养复杂性。 3. 羽毛的同位素值范围和方差大于以前发表的报告羽毛同位素方差的研究,但在所有同位素维度上都呈双峰分布。近源饮食资源和当地地表水的同位素值表明,我们假设在当地生长的一些羽毛必须在鸟类与当地饮食达到同位素平衡之前或在到达大盐湖之前不久生长。 4. 我们的研究为斑嘴鸭在迁徙期间的资源利用策略提供了新的见解。更一般地说,它证明了研究变异结构和质疑从野生动物中解释稳定同位素数据所隐含的假设的有用性。

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