Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jun;26(3):273-9. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.10.005.
The incidence of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is 16/100,000 in females and 2.9/100,000 in males as studied in Olmsted county. It can be calculated that the approximate prevalence is 0.25%. There is a gender bimodal distribution. Go usually occurs at the time of onset of the hyperthyroidism but may present up to a year before that time or as long as 5 years afterwards. Around 10-15% of patients have never been hyperthyroid and some are hypothyroid at GO presentation. Although the incidence of GO has probably been decreasing during the last 2 decades definite figures for this assertion are not available. Risk factors that may influence the incidence of GO include cigarette smoking and radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism. There are also complex genetic factors with multiple susceptibility alleles that contribute to the expression of the disease. The probability is that a reduction of the incidence of GO will be achieved by influencing the environmental factors.
奥姆斯特德县的研究显示，女性格雷夫斯眼病（GO）的发病率为 16/100,000，男性为 2.9/100,000。可以计算出其大致患病率为 0.25%。GO 呈两性双峰分布。GO 通常发生在甲状腺功能亢进症发病时，但也可能在发病前一年出现，甚至在发病后长达 5 年出现。约 10-15%的患者从未出现过甲状腺功能亢进，有些患者在 GO 发病时出现甲状腺功能减退。尽管过去 20 年来 GO 的发病率可能一直在下降，但目前尚无确切数据支持这一说法。可能影响 GO 发病率的危险因素包括吸烟和放射性碘治疗甲状腺功能亢进。此外，还有多种易感等位基因的复杂遗传因素，这些因素导致疾病的发生。通过影响环境因素，GO 的发病率可能会降低。
