Surgisis mesh for tracheal reconstruction.

Esophagectomy is a commonly performed procedure that has a high morbidity rate. Postesophagectomy anastomotic leaks are not uncommon; however fistulas to the airways remain a rare and often catastrophic complication. Although most fistulas occur from a direct communication between a failed anastomosis and an adjacent airway, other risk factors have been identified, such as tracheal ischemia from extensive mediastinal dissection, intraoperative tracheal injuries, and cuff necrosis from prolonged intubation. Despite advancements in the management of sepsis, leaks and fistulas are still associated with a high mortality rate and continue to challenge esophageal surgeons.