Fatih University, Department of Biology, 34500 Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Jul 15;430:101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.067. Epub 2012 May 25.
This paper discusses the pollen season and the source apportionment of ragweed (Ambrosia) grains detected in the atmosphere of Istanbul, Turkey. The dynamic migration of this invasive taxon is a serious environmental issue. Ragweed pollen is highly allergenic and causes sensitization in patients at low concentrations. At present, there is no floristic evidence of this taxon in the region. Aerobiological records presented here, though, indicate a local source. Moreover, we argue that ragweed pollen comes from distant sources through air mass movements. The analysis concerns the ragweed season 2007. Pollens were sampled with a Burkard trap and identified at a magnification of 400 ×. Grains were counted on 12 transverse traverses to estimate bi-hourly changes in concentrations. The peak day was on August 28 with 20 grainsm(-3). Ragweed was observed on 22 days during August and September 2007. On all days, except one, the daily average concentration was below 10 grainsm(-3). Diurnal bi-hourly ragweed concentrations reached a maximum at 11:00 EET. Relatively high concentrations were observed between 21:00 and 01:00 EET. This allowed for the assumption of a local and a remote ragweed pollen source. We used HYSPLIT backward trajectory ensembles to identify possible sources on peak day. A frequency analysis of back trajectories covering the entire ragweed season followed. Firstly, possible local sources were the Istanbul Province and Turkish Thrace; secondly, a likely over-regional source was Bulgaria; and lastly, remote sources of ragweed pollen were the Ukraine, the Russian coastal region of the Black Sea and Moldova. This study provides evidence that pollens detected on our receptor site stem from combined local and remote origins.
本文讨论了在土耳其伊斯坦布尔大气中检测到的豚草（Ambrosia）花粉的花粉季节和来源分配。这种入侵分类群的动态迁移是一个严重的环境问题。豚草花粉高度致敏，在低浓度下就能使患者致敏。目前，该地区没有这种分类群的植物区系证据。然而，这里提出的空气生物学记录表明存在本地来源。此外，我们认为豚草花粉是通过气团运动从遥远的来源而来。该分析涉及 2007 年的豚草季节。花粉用 Burkard 陷阱采集，并在 400×放大倍数下鉴定。在 12 个横向横切面上对颗粒进行计数，以估计每两小时浓度的变化。高峰期是 8 月 28 日，浓度为 20 粒/立方米。2007 年 8 月和 9 月观察到豚草 22 天。除一天外，所有日子的日平均浓度均低于 10 粒/立方米。昼间每两小时豚草浓度在 EET 11:00 时达到最大值。EET 21:00 至 01:00 之间观察到相对较高的浓度。这允许假设存在本地和远程豚草花粉源。我们使用 HYSPLIT 反向轨迹集合来确定高峰日的可能来源。随后对整个豚草季节的反向轨迹进行了频率分析。首先，可能的本地来源是伊斯坦布尔省和土耳其色雷斯；其次，一个可能的远距离来源是保加利亚；最后，豚草花粉的远程来源是乌克兰、俄罗斯黑海沿海地区和摩尔多瓦。本研究提供的证据表明，在我们的受体位点检测到的花粉来自于本地和远程的综合来源。
