Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Genes Nutr. 2013 Jan;8(1):99-104. doi: 10.1007/s12263-012-0299-1. Epub 2012 May 26.
A high-fat diet (HFD) has been recognized as a risk factor for diseases such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, and osteoporosis. However, studies analyzing gene expression after HFD in bone are rare. That prompted us to analyze the expression of selected genes in bone of 4-week-old diabetes-prone B(io)B(reeding) rats. Two breeding pairs were fed a HFD (+10 % tallow) or were fed a normal diet (ND; Ssniff R-Z) before mating and afterward during pregnancy. After the birth of progeny, parents continued to be given HFD or ND until the progeny was weaned (3 weeks). Thereafter, offspring were weaned and were fed the same food as their parents up to an age of 4 weeks. Body weight was measured at an age of 4 weeks, and subsequently 13 HFD rats and 13 ND rats were killed and the tibial bone was harvested to analyze the expression of 53 genes in bone. All rats fed HFD were significantly heavier than rats fed ND after 3 and 4 weeks. The diet also influenced the expression of genes in bone. There were significant differences in 20 out of 53 genes studied between rats fed HFD compared with rats fed ND. Four out of 20 had a lower and 17 out of 20 genes a higher expression in HFD rats, but differences in gene expression showed obvious differences between males and females. There were only two genes that were similarly different between males and females: Bmp4 and Atf4. Two genes, Foxg1 and Npy, were inversely expressed in males and females. It seems that the gene expression is differently regulated by diet during pregnancy and later in life between males and females. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that HFD also acts as an epigenetic factor in the development of offspring in utero.
高脂肪饮食（HFD）已被认为是血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化、肥胖和骨质疏松症等疾病的危险因素。然而，分析 HFD 后骨中基因表达的研究很少。这促使我们分析 4 周龄易患糖尿病的 B(io)B(reeding)大鼠骨中选定基因的表达。两对繁殖大鼠在交配前和怀孕期间分别喂食 HFD（+10%牛脂）或正常饮食（ND；Ssniff R-Z）。后代出生后，父母继续喂食 HFD 或 ND，直到断奶（3 周）。此后，幼崽断奶，与父母喂食相同的食物，直到 4 周龄。4 周龄时测量体重，随后处死 13 只 HFD 大鼠和 13 只 ND 大鼠，采集胫骨分析骨中 53 个基因的表达。喂食 HFD 的所有大鼠在 3 周和 4 周后体重明显高于喂食 ND 的大鼠。饮食还影响骨中基因的表达。与喂食 ND 的大鼠相比，喂食 HFD 的大鼠中有 53 个基因中的 20 个基因的表达存在显著差异。其中 4 个基因的表达较低，17 个基因的表达较高，但基因表达的差异在雄性和雌性之间表现出明显差异。只有两个基因在雄性和雌性之间的差异相似：Bmp4 和 Atf4。两个基因，Foxg1 和 Npy，在雄性和雌性中呈相反表达。似乎基因表达在怀孕期间和生命后期受到饮食的不同调节，在雄性和雌性之间存在差异。然而，不能排除 HFD 在子宫内对后代的发育也作为一种表观遗传因素。
