Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
Memory. 2012 Jul;20(5):518-26. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.683011. Epub 2012 May 29.
Deficits in specific autobiographical memory retrieval are closely associated with depression. The ability to retrieve specific autobiographical memories develops throughout childhood and adolescence and is associated with adolescent depression within and across time. Studying young samples before they first experience depression provides an approach for testing processes that underlie reduced autobiographical memory specificity. This study is the first to examine the longitudinal association of rumination and executive function with autobiographical memory specificity in a sample of adolescents at elevated risk for future depression. A total of 259 adolescents (aged between 10 and 18 years) completed the Autobiographical Memory Test at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Measures of rumination, executive function, and depressive symptoms were obtained at baseline. The interaction between rumination and executive function predicted autobiographical memory specificity over time. Whereas rumination in the context of low executive function predicted reduced specificity, this was not the case in the context of high executive function. The interaction between rumination and executive function was independent of the effects of age, gender, IQ, baseline levels of memory specificity, and depressive symptoms.
特定自传体记忆检索缺陷与抑郁密切相关。检索特定自传体记忆的能力在整个儿童和青少年时期发展，并与青少年时期的抑郁有关，无论是在同一时间内还是跨时间。在年轻人首次经历抑郁之前对他们进行研究，为测试潜在的自传体记忆特异性降低的过程提供了一种方法。本研究首次在未来抑郁风险较高的青少年样本中，考察了沉思和执行功能与自传体记忆特异性的纵向关联。共有 259 名青少年（年龄在 10 至 18 岁之间）在基线和 1 年随访时完成了自传体记忆测试。在基线时获得了沉思、执行功能和抑郁症状的测量。沉思与执行功能之间的相互作用预测了随时间的自传体记忆特异性。在执行功能较低的情况下，沉思会导致特异性降低，但在执行功能较高的情况下则不然。沉思与执行功能之间的相互作用与年龄、性别、智商、记忆特异性的基线水平和抑郁症状的影响无关。
