Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
Memory. 2011 Feb;19(2):169-83. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2010.541467. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM) is an important cognitive phenomenon in depression, but questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms. The CaR-FA-X model (Williams et al., 2007) proposes three mechanisms that may contribute to OGM, but little work has examined the possible additive and/or interactive effects among them. We examined two mechanisms of CaR-FA-X: capture and rumination, and impaired executive control. We analysed data from undergraduates (N=109) scoring high or low on rumination who were presented with cues of high and low self-relevance on the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Executive control was operationalised as performance on both the Stroop Colour-Word Task and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). Hierarchical generalised linear modelling was used to predict whether participants would generate a specific memory on a trial of the AMT. Higher COWAT scores, lower rumination, and greater cue self-relevance predicted a higher probability of a specific memory. There was also a rumination×cue self-relevance interaction: Higher (vs lower) rumination was associated with a lower probability of a specific memory primarily for low self-relevant cues. We found no evidence of interactions between these mechanisms. Findings are interpreted with respect to current autobiographical memory models. Future directions for OGM mechanism research are discussed.
过度泛化自传体记忆（OGM）是抑郁症中的一个重要认知现象，但关于其潜在机制仍存在疑问。CaR-FA-X 模型（Williams 等人，2007）提出了可能导致 OGM 的三个机制，但很少有研究探讨它们之间可能的附加和/或交互作用。我们研究了 CaR-FA-X 的两个机制：捕捉和反刍，以及受损的执行控制。我们分析了在自传体记忆测试（AMT）中对高自我相关性和低自我相关性线索表现出高或低反刍分数的本科生（N=109）的数据。执行控制表现为在 Stroop 颜色-单词任务和受控口头联想测验（COWAT）中的表现。使用分层广义线性模型来预测参与者在 AMT 的试验中是否会产生特定的记忆。较高的 COWAT 分数、较低的反刍和更大的线索自我相关性预测了特定记忆的更高可能性。还存在反刍×线索自我相关性的交互作用：与低自我相关性线索相比，较高（而非较低）的反刍与特定记忆的较低可能性相关。我们没有发现这些机制之间存在相互作用的证据。研究结果根据当前的自传体记忆模型进行了解释。讨论了 OGM 机制研究的未来方向。
