University of Hamburg, Germany.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012 Jul;38(7):845-57. doi: 10.1177/0146167212446833. Epub 2012 May 29.
Mentally contrasting a desired future with impeding reality promotes goal pursuit when expectations of success are high and curbs goal pursuit when expectations of success are low. Four studies tested whether mental contrasting affects responses to goal-relevant negative feedback. Mental contrasting promoted the processing of negative feedback (Studies 1 and 2), which in turn helped participants to form plans beneficial for goal pursuit (Study 2). Mental contrasting also protected the self-view of competence against negative feedback (Study 3) and facilitated beneficial attributions for negative feedback (Study 4). All effects occurred in line with expectations of success. These results suggest that mental contrasting regulates effective responses to negative feedback by bringing goal pursuit in line with expectations of success.
心理对比理想未来与现实阻碍能促进高成功期望下的目标追求，抑制低成功期望下的目标追求。四项研究检验了心理对比是否会影响对目标相关负反馈的反应。心理对比促进了负反馈的处理（研究 1 和 2），这反过来又帮助参与者制定有利于目标追求的计划（研究 2）。心理对比也保护了对能力的自我认知免受负反馈的影响（研究 3），并促进了对负反馈的有益归因（研究 4）。所有的影响都符合成功的期望。这些结果表明，心理对比通过使目标追求与成功期望保持一致，调节了对负反馈的有效反应。
