School of Humanities and Cultural Industries, Bath Spa University, Newton Park, Bath, UK.
Addiction. 2012 Aug;107(8):1397-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03799.x. Epub 2012 May 30.
This paper provides a historical overview of licensing law in Scotland. It seeks to put important contemporary policy developments into their historical context and to draw attention to key themes in licensing policy debates across the United Kingdom.
Based on a survey of statutes, commissions of enquiry and consumption and retail data, this paper draws together historical evidence to present a synopsis of Scottish licensing history.
The article focuses on Scotland, but also discusses UK-wide licensing policy over a 250-year period.
Scottish licensing has diverged from licensing in England and Wales and has addressed some historical licensing weaknesses, including problems of accountability, overprovision and systemic oversight regarding off-sales. Distinctive features of current Scottish legislation include public health protection as a statutory licensing objective; local Licensing Forums and Licensing Standards Officers; a requirement for explicit policies on the 'overprovision' of licensed premises; mandatory restrictions on price promotions in the on- and off-trades; and limitations on opening hours for off-licences.
Scotland has developed alcohol policies several times addressing long-standing licensing weaknesses throughout the United Kingdom. Some Scottish alcohol policies have later become the norm in England and Wales.
本文对苏格兰的许可法历史进行了概述。它试图将重要的当代政策发展置于其历史背景下，并提请注意联合王国许可政策辩论中的一些关键主题。
基于对法规、调查委员会以及消费和零售数据的调查，本文汇集了历史证据，概述了苏格兰许可历史。
本文的重点是苏格兰，但也讨论了 250 年来英国范围内的许可政策。
苏格兰的许可制度有别于英格兰和威尔士的许可制度，并解决了一些历史上的许可制度弱点，包括问责制、过度供应以及关于非销售的系统性监督等问题。当前苏格兰立法的显著特点包括将公共卫生保护作为法定许可目标；地方许可论坛和许可标准官员；要求明确制定关于“过度供应”许可场所的政策；对线上和线下交易中的价格促销进行强制性限制；以及限制酒类专卖店的营业时间。
苏格兰已经多次制定了酒精政策，解决了联合王国各地长期存在的许可制度弱点。一些苏格兰的酒精政策后来成为英格兰和威尔士的规范。
