Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2012 Jul;64(7):1356-66. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.04.025. Epub 2012 May 28.
The sandy barrier islands of Cape Hatteras National Seashore, USA, attract large seasonal influxes of tourists, and are host to numerous motels, rentals and second homes. To investigate the impacts of nearby urbanization on public trust waters, sampling was conducted in nine brackish water bodies within this coastal national park. A large tidal urban ditch delivered runoff-driven fecal-contaminated water directly into public beach waters. At all sites except the control, ammonium, phosphorus and fecal bacteria concentrations were high, strongly seasonal and significantly correlated with community water usage, indicating that increased septic tank usage led to increased pollutant concentrations in area waterways. Nutrients from septic systems caused ecosystem-level problems from algal blooms, BOD, and hypoxia while fecal microbes created potential human health problems. Septic system usage is widespread in sensitive coastal areas with high water tables and sandy soils and alternatives to standard septic systems must be required to protect human health and the environment.
美国哈特拉斯角国家海岸的沙质堤岛吸引了大量季节性游客，这里有许多汽车旅馆、出租屋和度假屋。为了调查附近城市化对公共信任水域的影响，研究人员在这个沿海国家公园内的九个咸水体内进行了采样。一条大型潮汐城市沟渠将径流水携带的粪便污染水直接排入公共海滩水域。除对照点外，所有采样点的氨氮、磷和粪便细菌浓度都很高，季节性很强，与社区用水显著相关，表明增加化粪池的使用导致了该地区水道中污染物浓度的增加。化粪池系统中的养分导致了藻类大量繁殖、BOD 和缺氧等生态系统层面的问题，而粪便微生物则带来了潜在的人类健康问题。化粪池系统的使用在地下水水位高、土壤为沙质的敏感沿海地区非常普遍，必须要求使用标准化粪池系统的替代品，以保护人类健康和环境。
