Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2012 Jul 2;157(2):224-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.05.005. Epub 2012 May 14.
Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) is a coastal pelagic and euryhaline species that represents the only European species of the family Engraulidae, with a widespread distribution. In Croatia, it is marketed fresh, frozen, salted or marinated and mainly exported to Italy and Spain, however Anisakis sp. larval infection is frequently the reason for border rejection. Since it is known that the prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infection varies with fish species, fishing area and season, the aim of our study was to identify Anisakis sp. parasitizing European anchovy and infer its population dynamic through a 2.5-year period. Larvae were found coiled and encysted on the external wall of intestine (94%) and reproductive organs (6%), rarely in fillets. Prevalence was 76.1% (95% confidence limits 74.51-77.56%), mean abundance 6.59 (bootstrap 95% confidence limits 5.81-7.26) and mean intensity 8.67 (bootstrap 95% confidence limits 7.82-9.35). The partial CO2 mitochondrial DNA sequence of the isolated anisakids confirmed clustering of the anchovy parasite within A. pegreffii sister group. Parasite population structure showed plasticity inferred by fishing ground, sampling year and fish gender and size. Compared to anisakid prevalence/abundance in other fish, the European anchovy in the Adriatic Sea represents a moderately high-infected paratenic host, although in the Mediterranean and Atlantic waters, anchovies have shown strikingly lesser values of prevalence. Since this host represents one of the most attractive Mediterranean fisheries products traditionally consumed without thermal preparation that in any case would not disrupt larval antigenicity and prevent human allergies, and given the high prevalence of the anisakid within the host, it is necessary to include anchovy into more firm risk assessment frames in order to develop measures that will support the safe alimentary production and consumption of seafood.
凤尾鱼（Anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus）是一种沿海洄游性和广盐性物种，是欧洲鳀科唯一的物种，分布广泛。在克罗地亚，凤尾鱼以新鲜、冷冻、腌制或腌制的形式上市，主要出口到意大利和西班牙，但由于感染异尖线虫幼虫，凤尾鱼经常被边境拒绝。由于已知异尖线虫的感染率和感染强度因鱼类种类、捕捞区域和季节而异，因此我们的研究旨在确定寄生在欧洲凤尾鱼上的异尖线虫种类，并通过 2.5 年的时间推断其种群动态。幼虫发现卷曲并包埋在肠壁（94%）和生殖器官（6%）的外壁上，很少在鱼片上发现。感染率为 76.1%（95%置信区间为 74.51-77.56%），平均丰度为 6.59（自举 95%置信区间为 5.81-7.26），平均强度为 8.67（自举 95%置信区间为 7.82-9.35）。分离的异尖线虫的部分 CO2 线粒体 DNA 序列证实，凤尾鱼寄生虫聚类在 A. pegreffii 姐妹群内。寄生虫种群结构显示出由捕捞地、采样年份和鱼类性别和大小引起的可塑性。与其他鱼类的异尖线虫感染率/丰度相比，亚得里亚海的欧洲凤尾鱼是一种中度感染的暂养宿主，尽管在地中海和大西洋水域，凤尾鱼的感染率明显较低。由于这种宿主是最具吸引力的地中海渔业产品之一，传统上无需热加工即可食用，而且无论如何都不会破坏幼虫的抗原性并防止人类过敏，并且由于宿主内异尖线虫的高感染率，有必要将凤尾鱼纳入更严格的风险评估框架，以制定支持安全海鲜生产和消费的措施。
