Kuhn Thomas, Cunze Sarah, Kochmann Judith, Klimpel Sven
Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung; Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2016 Aug 10;6:30246. doi: 10.1038/srep30246.
Marine nematodes of the genus Anisakis are common parasites of a wide range of aquatic organisms. Public interest is primarily based on their importance as zoonotic agents of the human Anisakiasis, a severe infection of the gastro-intestinal tract as result of consuming live larvae in insufficiently cooked fish dishes. The diverse nature of external impacts unequally influencing larval and adult stages of marine endohelminth parasites requires the consideration of both abiotic and biotic factors. Whereas abiotic factors are generally more relevant for early life stages and might also be linked to intermediate hosts, definitive hosts are indispensable for a parasite's reproduction. In order to better understand the uneven occurrence of parasites in fish species, we here use the maximum entropy approach (Maxent) to model the habitat suitability for nine Anisakis species accounting for abiotic parameters as well as biotic data (definitive hosts). The modelled habitat suitability reflects the observed distribution quite well for all Anisakis species, however, in some cases, habitat suitability exceeded the known geographical distribution, suggesting a wider distribution than presently recorded. We suggest that integrative modelling combining abiotic and biotic parameters is a valid approach for habitat suitability assessments of Anisakis, and potentially other marine parasite species.
异尖线虫属的海洋线虫是多种水生生物的常见寄生虫。公众的关注主要基于它们作为人类异尖线虫病的人畜共患病原体的重要性，异尖线虫病是由于食用未充分煮熟的鱼类菜肴中的活幼虫而导致的严重胃肠道感染。外部影响的多样性对海洋内寄生虫幼虫和成虫阶段的影响不均衡，这就需要考虑非生物和生物因素。虽然非生物因素通常对早期生命阶段更为重要，也可能与中间宿主有关，但终末宿主对于寄生虫的繁殖是不可或缺的。为了更好地理解鱼类物种中寄生虫分布不均的情况，我们在这里使用最大熵方法（Maxent）来模拟九种异尖线虫物种的栖息地适宜性，同时考虑非生物参数以及生物数据（终末宿主）。对于所有异尖线虫物种，模拟的栖息地适宜性与观察到的分布相当吻合，然而，在某些情况下，栖息地适宜性超出了已知的地理分布范围，这表明其分布范围比目前记录的更广。我们认为，结合非生物和生物参数的综合建模是评估异尖线虫以及潜在其他海洋寄生虫物种栖息地适宜性的有效方法。
