Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Phytother Res. 2013 Apr;27(4):507-14. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4744. Epub 2012 May 31.
An extract of Glinus lotoides, a medicinal plant used in Africa and Asia for various therapeutic purposes, was recently shown to cause DNA damage in vitro. To further explore the potential genotoxicity of this plant, fractionation of the crude extract was performed using reverse phase solid-phase extraction and a stepwise gradient elution of methanol in water. Four fractions were collected and subsequently analysed for their DNA damaging effects in mouse lymphoma cells using an alkaline version of the comet assay. To identify potential genotoxic and non-genotoxic principles, each fraction was then subjected to liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS. 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were used to confirm the identity of some saponins. Although fractions containing a mixture of flavonoids and oleanane-type saponins or oleanane-type saponins alone produced no DNA damage, those containing hopane-type saponins exhibited a pronounced DNA damaging effect without affecting the viability of the cells. To conclude, even if this study presents evidence that hopane-type of saponins are endowed with a DNA damaging ability, further studies are needed before individual saponins can be cited as a culprit for the previously reported genotoxicity of the crude extract of G. lotoides.
一种名为 Glinus lotoides 的药用植物，在非洲和亚洲被用于各种治疗目的，其提取物最近被证明具有体外致 DNA 损伤作用。为了进一步探究该植物的潜在遗传毒性，采用反相固相萃取法对粗提取物进行了分级，并用甲醇-水逐步梯度洗脱。收集了四个馏分，并随后使用碱性彗星试验分析了它们在小鼠淋巴瘤细胞中的 DNA 损伤作用。为了鉴定潜在的遗传毒性和非遗传毒性物质，将每个馏分进一步用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）进行分析。通过一维和二维核磁共振分析，确认了一些皂苷的结构。虽然含有黄酮类和齐墩果烷型皂苷混合物或仅含齐墩果烷型皂苷的馏分没有产生 DNA 损伤，但含有甾体烷型皂苷的馏分则表现出明显的 DNA 损伤作用，而不影响细胞活力。总之，即使本研究提供了证据表明甾体烷型皂苷具有致 DNA 损伤能力，但在将个别皂苷作为之前报道的 G. lotoides 粗提取物遗传毒性的罪魁祸首之前，还需要进一步的研究。
