Consortium for Translational Research in Advanced Imaging and Nanomedicine (C-TRAIN), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 631088, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2012 Jul-Aug;4(4):458-67. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1174. Epub 2012 May 30.
Exosomes are a type of cell-derived extracellular nanovesicle. They relay information between cells. Some known exosome functions include immune modulation, promotion of angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. To date, clinical use of exosomes has focused predominantly on evaluating their efficacy as cancer vaccines or diagnostically as biomarker containers. However, few investigations have explored their potential to serve as a platform for the development of semi-synthetic nanovesicles. Given their nanoscale size, potential to express targeting ligands in native conformations and deformable structure, exosomes offer a logical biological vesicle platform for adapting and producing semi-synthetic vesicles with excellent potential for nanomedicine applications. However, there are obstacles associated with realizing this potential that must be addressed. Thus, a systematic approach to isolating, modifying, and testing exosomes is presented to facilitate the introduction of exosome-based translational nanomedicine.
外泌体是一种细胞衍生的细胞外纳米囊泡。它们在细胞之间传递信息。已知的外泌体功能包括免疫调节、促进血管生成和肿瘤转移。迄今为止，外泌体的临床应用主要集中在评估其作为癌症疫苗的功效，或作为生物标志物载体的诊断上。然而，很少有研究探索它们作为半合成纳米囊泡开发平台的潜力。鉴于它们的纳米尺寸、以天然构象表达靶向配体的潜力和可变形结构，外泌体为适应和生产具有优异的纳米医学应用潜力的半合成囊泡提供了一个合理的生物囊泡平台。然而，要实现这一潜力还存在一些必须解决的障碍。因此，提出了一种系统的分离、修饰和测试外泌体的方法，以促进基于外泌体的转化纳米医学的引入。
