Floderus Birgitta, Hagman Maud, Aronsson Gunnar, Gustafsson Klas, Marklund Staffan, Wikman Anders
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMJ Open. 2012 May 30;2(3). doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000840. Print 2012.
The influence of family structure on the risk of going on disability pension (DP) was investigated among young women by analysing a short-term and long-term effect, controlling for potential confounding and the 'healthy mother effect'.
This dynamic cohort study comprised all women born in Sweden between 1960 and 1979 (1.2 million), who were 20-43 years of age during follow-up. Their annual data were retrieved from national registers for the years 1993-2003. For this period, data on family structure and potential confounders were related to the incidence of DP the year after the exposure assessment. Using a modified version of the COX proportional hazard regression, we took into account changes in the study variables of individuals over the years. In addition, a 5-year follow-up was used.
Cohabiting working women with children showed a decreased risk of DP in a 1-year perspective compared with cohabiting working women with no children, while the opposite was indicated in the 5-year follow-up. Lone working women with children had an increased risk of DP in both the short-term and long-term perspective. The risk of DP tended to increase with the number of children for both cohabiting and lone working women in the 5-year follow-up.
The study suggests that parenthood contributes to increasing the risk of going on DP among young women, which should be valuable knowledge to employers and other policy makers. It remains to be analysed to what extent the high numbers of young women exiting from working life may be counteracted by (1) extended gender equality, (2) fewer work hours among fathers and mothers of young children and (3) by financial support to lone women with children.
通过分析短期和长期影响，控制潜在混杂因素及“健康母亲效应”，研究家庭结构对年轻女性领取残疾抚恤金（DP）风险的影响。
这项动态队列研究涵盖了1960年至1979年在瑞典出生的所有女性（120万），她们在随访期间年龄为20 - 43岁。其年度数据取自1993年至2003年的国家登记册。在此期间，家庭结构和潜在混杂因素的数据与暴露评估后一年的DP发病率相关。我们使用COX比例风险回归的修正版本，考虑了个体研究变量多年来的变化。此外，采用了5年随访。
有孩子的同居职业女性在1年的观察期内领取DP的风险低于无孩子的同居职业女性，而在5年随访中情况则相反。有孩子的单身职业女性在短期和长期内领取DP的风险均增加。在5年随访中，同居和单身职业女性领取DP的风险都倾向于随着孩子数量的增加而增加。
该研究表明为人父母会增加年轻女性领取DP的风险，这对雇主和其他政策制定者来说应是有价值的信息。仍有待分析的是，（1）扩大性别平等、（2）减少幼儿父母的工作时长以及（3）为有孩子的单身女性提供经济支持，在多大程度上可以抵消大量年轻女性退出工作生活的情况。
