Chadambuka A, Chimusoro A, Maradzika J C, Tshimanga M, Gombe N T, Shambira G
Department of Community Medicine-University of Zimbabwe.
Afr Health Sci. 2011 Dec;11(4):535-42.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health problem in Zimbabwe. In Zvishavane, STI increased from 66 per 1,000 in 2002 to 97 per 1,000 in 2005, a 31% increase in cases.
To determine the factors associated with contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI) among patients in Zvishavane.
A frequency matched case control study was conducted. Cases were persons above 15 years diagnosed with STI at three health facilities in Zvishavane urban. Controls were patients who visited the same facilities for other ailments. We interviewed 77 cases and 154 controls.
Both cases and controls were knowledgeable about STI. Risk factors for men included sex under the influence of alcohol OR=7.11 (95% CI 2.42-20.85), relationships less than one year, OR= 9.33 (95% CI 3.53-24.70), no condom use at first intercourse OR=5.17 (95% CI 1.64-16.25) and paying for sex OR= 23.65 (95% CI 6.23-89.69). For females the risk factors were non-use of condom at first intercourse OR=2.49 (95% CI 1.02-6.04) and relationships less than one year OR=3.19 (95% CI 1.41-7.23). Significant differences in attitudes were evident among cases and controls.
Knowledge of STI did not provide protection from STI diagnosis. Limiting the number of partners, consistent condom use, and fidelity are important for both men and women.
性传播感染（STIs）仍是津巴布韦的一个主要公共卫生问题。在兹维沙万内，性传播感染发病率从2002年的每1000人66例增至2005年的每1000人97例，病例数增加了31%。
确定兹维沙万内患者中与感染性传播感染（STIs）相关的因素。
开展了一项频率匹配病例对照研究。病例为在兹维沙万内市区三家医疗机构被诊断为性传播感染的15岁以上人员。对照为因其他疾病前往相同医疗机构就诊的患者。我们访谈了77例病例和154名对照。
病例组和对照组对性传播感染均有一定了解。男性的危险因素包括在酒精影响下发生性行为，比值比（OR）=7.11（95%置信区间[CI] 2.42 - 20.85）、恋爱关系持续时间不足一年，OR = 9.33（95% CI 3.53 - 24.70）、首次性交时未使用避孕套，OR = 5.17（95% CI 1.64 - 16.25）以及花钱买性服务，OR = 23.65（95% CI 6.23 - 89.69）。女性的危险因素为首次性交时未使用避孕套，OR = 2.49（95% CI 1.02 - 6.04）以及恋爱关系持续时间不足一年，OR = 3.19（95% CI 1.41 - 7.23）。病例组和对照组在态度上存在显著差异。
对性传播感染的了解并不能预防性传播感染的诊断。限制性伴侣数量、坚持使用避孕套以及保持忠诚对男性和女性都很重要。
