Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Acta Naturae. 2009 Jul;1(2):44-60.
Currently, the main way to fight cancer is still chemotherapy. This method of treatment is at the height of its capacity, so, setting aside the need for further improvements in traditional treatments for neoplasia, it is vital to develop now approaches toward treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews innovational experimental approaches to treating malignant malformations based on the use of gene-targeted drugs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (asON), small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, and DNAzymes, which can all inhibit oncogene expression. The target genes for these drugs are thoroughly characterized, and the main results from pre-clinical and first-step clinical trials of these drugs are presented. It is shown that the gene-targeted oligonucleotides show considerable variations in their effect on tumor tissue, depending on the target gene in question. The effects range from slowing and stopping the proliferation of tumor cells to suppressing their invasive capabilities. Despite their similarity, not all the antisense drugs targeting the same region of the mRNA of the target-gene were equally effective. The result is determined by the combination of the drug type used and the region of the target-gene mRNA that it complements.
目前，对抗癌症的主要方法仍是化疗。这种治疗方法正处于其能力的顶峰，因此，除了需要进一步改进传统的肿瘤治疗方法外，现在开发治疗恶性肿瘤的方法至关重要。本文综述了基于使用基因靶向药物治疗恶性畸形的创新实验方法，如反义寡核苷酸(asON)、小干扰 RNA(siRNA)、核酶和 DNA 酶，这些药物都可以抑制癌基因的表达。对这些药物的靶基因进行了彻底的表征，并介绍了这些药物的临床前和初步临床试验的主要结果。结果表明，基因靶向寡核苷酸对肿瘤组织的作用有很大差异，这取决于所研究的靶基因。其效果范围从减缓和停止肿瘤细胞的增殖到抑制其侵袭能力。尽管它们相似，但针对靶基因 mRNA 相同区域的并非所有反义药物都同样有效。结果取决于所使用的药物类型和它互补的靶基因 mRNA 区域。
