Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2012 Jul;98(1):78-92. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 May 29.
A single case study recently documented one woman's ability to recall accurately vast amounts of autobiographical information, spanning most of her lifetime, without the use of practiced mnemonics (Parker, Cahill, & McGaugh, 2006). The current study reports findings based on eleven participants expressing this same memory ability, now referred to as Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM). Participants were identified and subsequently characterized based on screening for memory of public events. They were then tested for personal autobiographical memories as well as for memory assessed by laboratory memory tests. Additionally, whole-brain structural MRI scans were obtained. Results indicated that HSAM participants performed significantly better at recalling public as well as personal autobiographical events as well as the days and dates on which these events occurred. However, their performance was comparable to age- and sex-matched controls on most standard laboratory memory tests. Neuroanatomical results identified nine structures as being morphologically different from those of control participants. The study of HSAM may provide new insights into the neurobiology of autobiographical memory.
一项最近的个案研究记录了一位女性在不使用熟练记忆术的情况下准确回忆大量自传体信息的能力，这些信息跨越了她的大部分生活（Parker、Cahill 和 McGaugh，2006）。本研究报告了基于十一位具有相同记忆能力的参与者的发现，现在称为超高自传体记忆（HSAM）。参与者是根据对公共事件记忆的筛查来确定和随后描述的。然后对他们进行个人自传体记忆以及实验室记忆测试评估的记忆测试。此外，还获得了全脑结构 MRI 扫描结果。结果表明，HSAM 参与者在回忆公共和个人自传体事件以及这些事件发生的日期和日期方面表现出色。然而，他们在大多数标准实验室记忆测试中的表现与年龄和性别匹配的对照组相当。神经解剖学结果确定了九个结构与对照组参与者的结构不同。对 HSAM 的研究可能为自传体记忆的神经生物学提供新的见解。
