Birke S A, Edelmann R J, Davis P E
Psychology Department, Friern Hospital, London, UK.
Br J Addict. 1990 Oct;85(10):1299-307. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01606.x.
Studies using samples of alcoholics and cigarette smokers show that the occurrence of the abstinence violation effect predicts the likelihood of a full-blown relapse following an initial slip from voluntary abstinence. The present study investigated this process in a sample of 31 illicit drug users. The attributional styles of abstainers and relapsers were examined in addition to the types of initial slip situations for the relapse group. No significant differences were found in attributional styles, although relative to the relapse group there was a tendency for abstainers to score higher on internality and stability of attribution for negative events, but lower on globality. Both negative affect and interpersonal conflict, but not social pressure, were found to be important precipitants for relapse. Demographic differences between the groups are discussed in addition to the implications of the results for models of relapse, prediction of relapse and cognitive therapy in relapse prevention.
对酗酒者和吸烟者样本的研究表明，戒酒违规效应的出现预示着在最初从自愿戒酒状态滑落之后全面复吸的可能性。本研究在31名非法药物使用者的样本中调查了这一过程。除了复吸组最初的滑落情况类型之外，还考察了戒酒者和复吸者的归因方式。尽管相对于复吸组，戒酒者在对负面事件归因的内在性和稳定性上得分较高，但在普遍性上得分较低，但在归因方式上未发现显著差异。研究发现，消极情绪和人际冲突而非社会压力是复吸的重要促发因素。除了研究结果对复吸模型、复吸预测以及预防复吸中的认知疗法的影响之外，还讨论了两组之间的人口统计学差异。
