Physical Education Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Mar;27(3):723-32. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31825fe955.
This study compared physical characteristics in a 2003 national elite female team (NE; n = 16; fourth in the Spanish Championship) to the same team when it reached international level in 2009 (IE; n = 14; winner of the Spanish Championship and the European Handball Cup). Body height, body mass, body fat, and fat-free mass, 1-repetition maximum bench press (1RMBP), vertical jumping height, handball throwing velocity, power-load relationship of the leg and arm extensor muscles, 5- and 15-m sprint running time, and running endurance were measured in the second competitive mesocycle of a season. Results revealed that, compared with NE, IE players presented similar values in body mass, body height, sprint running time, handball throwing velocity, and jumping, but higher values (p < 0.01-0.05) in age (17%), 1RMBP (15%), power-load relationship of the arm (16%), and leg (10%) extensors, and endurance running velocities (7%). Significant correlations (r = 0.71-0.72, p < 0.05) were observed in IE, but not in NE, between individual values of standing throw and individual values of power at 30% of 1RMBP, and individual values of power at 60% of body mass during half-squat actions. The present results suggest that more experienced, powerful and aerobically conditioned players are at an advantage in international-level female handball. The ball throwing velocity of international elite female handball players depends on their ability to produce muscle power at submaximal loads with the upper and lower extremities. However, in lower-level players, this depends on the level of performance at maximal strength of the upper extremities.
本研究比较了 2003 年全国精英女子队（NE；n=16；西班牙锦标赛第四名）和 2009 年达到国际水平的同一支队伍（IE；n=14；西班牙锦标赛和欧洲手球杯冠军）的身体特征。在一个赛季的第二个比赛中周期，测量了身体高度、体重、体脂、去脂体重、1 次重复最大卧推（1RMBP）、垂直跳跃高度、手球投掷速度、腿部和手臂伸肌的功率负荷关系、5 米和 15 米冲刺跑时间和跑步耐力。结果表明，与 NE 相比，IE 运动员的体重、身高、冲刺跑时间、手球投掷速度和跳跃高度相似，但年龄（17%）、1RMBP（15%）、手臂（16%）和腿部（10%）伸肌的功率负荷关系以及耐力跑速度（7%）较高（p<0.01-0.05）。IE 中观察到个体站立投掷值与个体 30%1RMBP 功率值和个体 60%体重半蹲动作时的个体功率值之间存在显著相关性（r=0.71-0.72，p<0.05），但在 NE 中没有。本研究结果表明，在国际级女子手球比赛中，经验更丰富、更强大和更有氧适应的运动员具有优势。国际精英女子手球运动员的投球速度取决于他们在亚最大负荷下使用上下肢产生肌肉力量的能力。然而，在低水平运动员中，这取决于上肢最大力量的表现水平。
