Niilo Mäki Institute, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2013 Feb;56(1):211-21. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0270). Epub 2012 May 31.
The effect of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the perception of audiovisual speech in children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) was investigated by varying the noise level and the sound intensity of acoustic speech. The main hypotheses were that the McGurk effect (in which incongruent visual speech alters the auditory speech percept) would be weaker for children with DLD than for controls and that it would get stronger with decreasing SNR in both groups.
The participants were 8-year-old children with DLD and a sample of children with normal language development. In the McGurk stimuli, the consonant uttered by the voice differed from that articulated by the face. Three sound intensities (24, 36, and 48 dB) and noise levels (-12, 0, and +6 dB) were used. Perception of unisensory visual speech was also measured.
The children with DLD experienced a weak McGurk effect, that is, a weak influence of visual speech on audiovisual speech perception, which remained rather constant across SNR levels. The children with DLD were inaccurate at lipreading.
Children with DLD have problems in perceiving spoken consonants presented audiovisually and visually. The weaker McGurk effect could be accounted for by the poorer lipreading ability of children with DLD.
通过改变噪声水平和语音声强，研究信噪比（SNR）对有和无发育性语言障碍（DLD）儿童听觉-视觉言语感知的影响。主要假设是，与对照组相比，DLD 儿童的麦格克效应（不一致的视觉言语会改变听觉言语感知）较弱，并且在两组中，随着 SNR 的降低，它会变得更强。
参与者为 8 岁患有 DLD 的儿童和一组具有正常语言发育的儿童。在麦格克刺激中，声音发出的辅音与面部发出的辅音不同。使用了三种声强（24、36 和 48 dB）和三种噪声水平（-12、0 和+6 dB）。还测量了单觉视觉言语的感知。
DLD 儿童经历了较弱的麦格克效应，即视觉言语对视听言语感知的影响较弱，并且在整个 SNR 水平上保持相对稳定。DLD 儿童的唇读不准确。
DLD 儿童在听觉-视觉和视觉呈现的口语辅音感知方面存在问题。DLD 儿童较弱的麦格克效应可以归因于他们较差的唇读能力。
