Management of the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid disorders.

This article summarises the rheumatoid diseases that particularly affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ): psoriatic arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Management is by a joint approach between rheumatologists and maxillofacial surgeons with a specific interest in diseases of the TMJ who give early surgical advice. Steroid injections, whilst useful in the short term, are not useful for long term or repeated treatment, and may lead to collapse of the joint and development of a deformed anterior open bite. These disorders should be managed primarily using standard conservative regimens, and failure to respond should lead to diagnostic or therapeutic arthroscopy and appropriate surgical treatment. When ankylosis develops or the joint collapses, a replacement joint should be considered and patients should be referred to an appropriately trained surgeon.