Wei Feng, Meyer Eric G, Braman Jerrod E, Powell John W, Haut Roger C
Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
J Biomech Eng. 2012 Apr;134(4):041002. doi: 10.1115/1.4005695.
Shoe-surface interface characteristics have been implicated in the high incidence of ankle injuries suffered by athletes. Yet, the differences in rotational stiffness among shoes may also influence injury risk. It was hypothesized that shoes with different rotational stiffness will generate different patterns of ankle ligament strain. Four football shoe designs were tested and compared in terms of rotational stiffness. Twelve (six pairs) male cadaveric lower extremity limbs were externally rotated 30 deg using two selected football shoe designs, i.e., a flexible shoe and a rigid shoe. Motion capture was performed to track the movement of the talus with a reflective marker array screwed into the bone. A computational ankle model was utilized to input talus motions for the estimation of ankle ligament strains. At 30 deg of rotation, the rigid shoe generated higher ankle joint torque at 46.2 ± 9.3 Nm than the flexible shoe at 35.4 ± 5.7 Nm. While talus rotation was greater in the rigid shoe (15.9 ± 1.6 deg versus 12.1 ± 1.0 deg), the flexible shoe generated more talus eversion (5.6 ± 1.5 deg versus 1.2± 0.8 deg). While these talus motions resulted in the same level of anterior deltoid ligament strain (approxiamtely 5%) between shoes, there was a significant increase of anterior tibiofibular ligament strain (4.5± 0.4% versus 2.3 ± 0.3%) for the flexible versus more rigid shoe design. The flexible shoe may provide less restraint to the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints, resulting in more eversion but less axial rotation of the talus during foot∕shoe rotation. The increase of strain in the anterior tibiofibular ligament may have been largely due to the increased level of talus eversion documented for the flexible shoe. There may be a direct correlation of ankle joint torque with axial talus rotation, and an inverse relationship between torque and talus eversion. The study may provide some insight into relationships between shoe design and ankle ligament strain patterns. In future studies, these data may be useful in characterizing shoe design parameters and balancing potential ankle injury risks with player performance.
鞋与地面的界面特性被认为与运动员脚踝受伤的高发生率有关。然而，不同鞋子之间的旋转刚度差异也可能影响受伤风险。研究假设，具有不同旋转刚度的鞋子会产生不同模式的脚踝韧带应变。对四种足球鞋设计的旋转刚度进行了测试和比较。使用两种选定的足球鞋设计，即柔性鞋和刚性鞋，对12条（6对）男性尸体下肢进行30度的外旋。通过在骨头上拧入反光标记阵列来进行运动捕捉，以跟踪距骨的运动。利用一个计算脚踝模型输入距骨运动，以估计脚踝韧带应变。在30度旋转时，刚性鞋产生的踝关节扭矩为46.2±9.3牛米，高于柔性鞋的35.4±5.7牛米。虽然刚性鞋中的距骨旋转更大（15.9±1.6度对12.1±1.0度），但柔性鞋产生的距骨外翻更多（5.6±1.5度对1.2±0.8度）。虽然这些距骨运动导致两种鞋子之间的三角韧带前束应变水平相同（约5%），但柔性鞋与刚性鞋设计相比，胫腓前韧带应变显著增加（4.5±0.4%对2.3±0.3%）。柔性鞋可能对距下关节和跗横关节的约束较小，导致在足部/鞋子旋转过程中距骨外翻更多但轴向旋转更少。胫腓前韧带应变的增加可能主要是由于柔性鞋记录到的距骨外翻水平增加。踝关节扭矩可能与距骨轴向旋转直接相关，而扭矩与距骨外翻之间呈反比关系。该研究可能为鞋类设计与脚踝韧带应变模式之间的关系提供一些见解。在未来的研究中，这些数据可能有助于确定鞋类设计参数，并在运动员表现与潜在脚踝受伤风险之间取得平衡。
