Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy, Centre for Environmental Engineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4.
Environ Sci Technol. 2012 Jul 17;46(14):7865-74. doi: 10.1021/es300718h. Epub 2012 Jul 6.
Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with two major recovery and extraction processes currently utilized in Alberta's oil sands, surface mining and in situ, are quantified. Process modules are developed and integrated into a life cycle model-GHOST (GreenHouse gas emissions of current Oil Sands Technologies) developed in prior work. Recovery and extraction of bitumen through surface mining and in situ processes result in 3-9 and 9-16 g CO(2)eq/MJ bitumen, respectively; upgrading emissions are an additional 6-17 g CO(2)eq/MJ synthetic crude oil (SCO) (all results are on a HHV basis). Although a high degree of variability exists in well-to-wheel emissions due to differences in technologies employed, operating conditions, and product characteristics, the surface mining dilbit and the in situ SCO pathways have the lowest and highest emissions, 88 and 120 g CO(2)eq/MJ reformulated gasoline. Through the use of improved data obtained from operating oil sands projects, we present ranges of emissions that overlap with emissions in literature for conventional crude oil. An increased focus is recommended in policy discussions on understanding interproject variability of emissions of both oil sands and conventional crudes, as this has not been adequately represented in previous studies.
对目前艾伯塔省油砂中使用的两种主要回收和提取工艺——地表开采和原地开采——的生命周期温室气体（GHG）排放进行了量化。在之前的工作中，开发并整合了过程模块到生命周期模型-GHOST（当前油砂技术的温室气体排放）中。通过地表开采和原地工艺回收和提取沥青导致 3-9 和 9-16 g CO(2)eq/MJ 沥青；升级排放是另外的 6-17 g CO(2)eq/MJ 合成原油（SCO）（所有结果均基于高热值）。由于所采用技术、操作条件和产品特性的差异，从井口到车轮的排放存在很大的可变性，但地表开采的稀释沥青和原地 SCO 途径的排放最低和最高，分别为 88 和 120 g CO(2)eq/MJ 重整汽油。通过使用从运营中的油砂项目获得的改进数据，我们展示了与文献中常规原油排放范围重叠的排放范围。建议在政策讨论中更加关注了解油砂和常规原油项目之间排放的项目间变异性，因为这在以前的研究中没有得到充分体现。
