Clinical Toxicology Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.
Ther Drug Monit. 2012 Aug;34(4):363-7. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e31825b954b.
Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been an increase in the availability and use of novel psychoactive substances (also known as "legal highs") across Europe. Currently, there is limited information available on the potential acute toxicity (harms) associated with the use of these novel psychoactive substances. There are a number of potential data sources that can provide information on the acute toxicity associated with their use: (1) user reports on Internet discussion fora; (2) subpopulation level surveys of self-reported harms/unwanted effects (3) regional or national poisons information service accesses for support on presentations to healthcare facilities relating to acute toxicity; (4) case reports/series based on self-reported use or analytically confirmed use; and (5) human volunteer studies assessing potential acute toxicological effects. Each of these data sources has its own limitations, particularly those that are based on self-reported use because there are a number of European studies that show that there is inconsistency in the substance(s) in the "drug" that an individual uses. However, by using a multilayered approach of combining different sources, it is possible to reduce the overall impact of the limitations of any one individual data source. In this review article, we will combine information from these different data sources to describe the pattern of acute toxicity associated with 4 novel psychoactive substances: 1-benzylpiperazine, mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone), synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists, and methoxetamine.
自 21 世纪初以来，新型精神活性物质（也称为“合法兴奋剂”）在欧洲的供应和使用有所增加。目前，有关使用这些新型精神活性物质可能产生的急性毒性（危害）的信息有限。有许多潜在的数据源可以提供有关其使用相关急性毒性的信息：（1）用户在互联网讨论论坛上的报告；（2）自我报告的危害/不良影响的亚人群调查；（3）区域性或国家毒物信息服务，以支持向医疗机构提供有关急性毒性的介绍；（4）基于自我报告使用或分析确认使用的病例报告/系列；以及（5）评估潜在急性毒理学效应的人体志愿者研究。这些数据源中的每一个都有其自身的局限性，特别是那些基于自我报告使用的数据源，因为有许多欧洲研究表明，个体使用的“药物”中的物质并不一致。然而，通过采用结合不同来源的多层次方法，可以降低任何一个单一数据源的局限性的总体影响。在这篇综述文章中，我们将结合这些不同数据源的信息，描述与 4 种新型精神活性物质相关的急性毒性模式：1-苯丙哌嗪、甲卡西酮（4-甲基甲卡西酮）、合成大麻素受体激动剂和甲氧麻黄酮。
