Virginia Tech and Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 May;72(5):1304-15. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182472390.
A better coupling of the occupant to the car seat in the early phase of a frontal or far side impacts using pretensioner systems may reduce the likelihood of the submarining effect or increases the likelihood of seat belt engaging the shoulder, respectively. However, the high belt forces may also increase the risk of upper body injuries to the vehicle occupant (especially in abdominal region). It was hypothesized that human body characteristics, such as body mass index (BMI) influence the biomechanical response and injury outcome to the abdominal regions during static pretensioning deployment tests.
Four postmortem human specimens (PMHS), in a BMI range from 15.6 to 31.2, were positioned in production seats in a normal passenger position and were restrained using a standard three-point belt system. The pretension forces in the belts were generated at two points (retractor and right anchorage) or at all three locations (retractor, left anchorage, and right anchorage). An optical motion capture system and acceleration cubes mounted to the lumbar spine were used to measure the abdomen deformation during testing.
The normalized deflections of the thorax recorded at the level of fourth rib were under 10% (noninjury level). Two different patterns were observed in the time histories of abdominal penetration rate in the four PMHSs associated with lower and higher BMI. Abdominal injuries (spleen lacerations) were observed only in the two PMHS with highest BMI.
Based on data from this study and similar data from the literature, belt velocity and FmaxCmax were shown to be the best injury predictors for injury risk analysis for Abbreviated Injury Scale 2+ and for Abbreviated Injury Scale 3+ injuries, respectively.
在正面或侧面碰撞的早期阶段，使用预紧器系统更好地将乘员与汽车座椅相匹配，可能分别降低潜艇效应的可能性或增加安全带与肩部啮合的可能性。然而，高带力也可能增加车辆乘员（尤其是腹部区域）上身受伤的风险。据推测，人体特征，如体重指数（BMI），会影响腹部区域在静态预紧展开测试中的生物力学响应和损伤结果。
在 BMI 范围为 15.6 至 31.2 的情况下，将四个尸体标本（PMHS）放置在生产座椅中的正常乘客位置，并使用标准的三点式安全带系统进行约束。在两个点（收卷器和右侧固定点）或所有三个位置（收卷器、左侧固定点和右侧固定点）产生安全带的预紧力。使用光学运动捕捉系统和安装在腰椎上的加速度立方来测量测试过程中腹部的变形。
在第四肋骨水平记录的胸部归一化挠度小于 10%（无损伤水平）。在与较低和较高 BMI 相关的四个 PMHS 的腹部穿透率的时间历史中观察到两种不同的模式。仅在两个具有最高 BMI 的 PMHS 中观察到腹部损伤（脾脏撕裂）。
基于本研究的数据和文献中的类似数据，安全带速度和 FmaxCmax 被证明是用于分析 Abbreviated Injury Scale 2+ 和 Abbreviated Injury Scale 3+损伤的损伤风险的最佳损伤预测因子。
