ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 48304-2952, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(1):65-71. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2011.629558.
This study compares dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses with and without belt pretensioning in matched rear sled tests.
Two rear-impact sled tests were run at 40 km/h (25 mph) rear delta V with a lap-shoulder-belted Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy on Ford F-150 driver seats. One test was with the standard lap-shoulder belts and the other with a buckle pretensioner activated at 20 ms. The head, chest, and pelvis were instrumented with triaxial accelerometers. The upper and lower neck, thoracic spine, and lumbar spine had transducers measuring triaxial loads and moments. Lap and shoulder belt loads were measured. High-speed video recorded different views of the dummy motion. Dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses were compared to study the influence of belt pretensioning.
The dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses were essentially similar with and without belt pretensioning in the rear-impact sled tests. There were higher belt loads with pretensioning, but they did not result in different dummy lumbar loads or pelvic, chest, and head accelerations. In a rear impact, the dummy moves rearward away from the belts that wrap around the chest and pelvis. The occupant loads the seat, which yields rearward restraining dummy motion. Though pretensioning caused a transient increase in belt load, it was of short duration and there was no sustained effect on occupant dynamics until late in rebound.
The matched tests showed no difference in occupant restraint with and without buckle pretensioning in 40 km/h (25 mph) rear-impact sled tests. Belt pretensioning did not influence occupant responses in these rear impacts because the seat supported the occupant.
本研究通过匹配后的后碰撞滑橇试验比较假人运动学和生物力学响应在有无安全带预紧时的差异。
在 40km/h（25mph）后向 deltaV 速度下，使用配备 lap-shoulder 安全带的 Hybrid III 50 百分位男性假人在福特 F-150 驾驶员座椅上进行了两次后碰撞滑橇试验。一次试验使用标准的 lap-shoulder 安全带，另一次试验则在 20ms 时激活安全带预紧器。头部、胸部和骨盆配备了三轴加速度计。上颈、胸脊柱和下颈、腰椎均配备了测量三轴力和力矩的传感器。记录了 lap 和肩带的载荷。高速视频记录了假人运动的不同视图。比较了假人运动学和生物力学响应，以研究安全带预紧的影响。
在后碰撞滑橇试验中，有无安全带预紧时，假人的运动学和生物力学响应基本相似。预紧时安全带的载荷更高，但并未导致假人腰椎载荷或骨盆、胸部和头部加速度的不同。在后部碰撞中，假人向后移动，远离包裹胸部和骨盆的安全带。乘员加载座椅，从而限制假人向后运动。尽管预紧会导致安全带载荷的短暂增加，但在反弹后期之前，对乘员动态没有持续影响，因为座椅支撑着乘员。
匹配试验表明，在 40km/h（25mph）后碰撞滑橇试验中，有无安全带预紧时，乘员约束没有差异。在这些后部碰撞中，安全带预紧并未影响乘员的响应，因为座椅支撑着乘员。
