International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Disaster Relief Committee, Geneva, Switzerland.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Oct;93(10):1875-81. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.05.018. Epub 2012 Jun 4.
Natural disasters can cause significant numbers of severe, disabling injuries, resulting in a public health emergency and requiring foreign assistance. However, since medical rehabilitation services are often poorly developed in disaster-affected regions and not highly prioritized by responding teams, physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) has historically been underemphasized in global disaster planning and response. Recent development of the specialties of "disaster medicine" and "disaster rehabilitation" has raised awareness of the critical importance of rehabilitation intervention during the immediate postdisaster emergency response. The World Health Organization Liaison Sub-Committee on Rehabilitation Disaster Relief of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine has authored this report to assess the role of emergency rehabilitation intervention after natural disasters based on current scientific evidence and subject matter expert accounts. Major disabling injury types are identified, and spinal cord injury, limb amputation, and traumatic brain injury are used as case studies to exemplify the challenges to effective management of disabling injuries after disasters. Evidence on the effectiveness of disaster rehabilitation interventions is presented. The authors then summarize the current state of disaster-related research, as well as lessons learned from PRM emergency rehabilitation response in recent disasters. Resulting recommendations for greater integration of PRM services into the immediate emergency disaster response are provided. This report aims to stimulate development of research and practice in the emerging discipline of disaster rehabilitation within organizations that provide medical rehabilitation services during the postdisaster emergency response.
自然灾害可导致大量严重致残伤害，引发公共卫生紧急情况，并需要外部援助。然而，由于受灾地区的医疗康复服务往往发展欠佳，且在应对团队中未得到高度重视，因此，物理医学与康复（PRM）在全球灾害规划和应对中一直被低估。最近“灾害医学”和“灾害康复”等专业的发展提高了人们对在灾害紧急救援阶段开展康复干预的重要性的认识。国际物理医学与康复医学学会世界卫生组织康复联络小组委员会撰写了这份报告，根据现有科学证据和主题专家意见，评估自然灾害后紧急康复干预的作用。确定了主要致残伤害类型，并以脊髓损伤、肢体截肢和创伤性脑损伤为例，说明灾害后有效管理致残伤害所面临的挑战。介绍了灾害康复干预的有效性证据。然后，作者总结了灾害相关研究的现状，以及从最近灾害中 PRM 紧急康复应对中吸取的经验教训。最后提出了将 PRM 服务更好地纳入灾害紧急救援的建议。本报告旨在激发在为灾害紧急救援提供医疗康复服务的组织中开展灾害康复这一新兴学科领域的研究与实践。
